Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
332 listings
  • $9,995
    great price
    $2,349 below market
    • 134,884 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Lee Auto Group Tampa (198 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 198 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    Uniquely built to take you further, our 2018 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Premium AWD Sedan brought to you in Twilight Blue Metallic blends world-class comfort,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAD63J3006549
    Stock: T3011
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $13,969
    good price
    $1,387 below market
    • 73,081 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Fort Myers (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 116 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes and all new tires! All-Weather Floor LinersSlate Black; Cloth UpholsteryS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAC60J3040580
    Stock: J3040580
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $14,287
    good price
    $2,135 below market
    • 35,952 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Taverna INFINITI North Miami (9 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in West Park, FL / 9 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF68H3023855
    Stock: NV023855
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • $17,711
    fair price
    $160 above market
    • 64,087 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Subaru Lakeland (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lakeland, FL / 184 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNEN64H3006608
    Stock: H3006608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • $19,998
    fair price
    $1,467 above market
    • 24,798 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Miami (International Mall) (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Doral, FL / 13 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAS68H3011419
    Stock: 27600544
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $12,726
    good price
    $1,064 below market
    • 99,657 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sherman Oaks, CA / 2,346 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    High Demand,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Satellite Radio,Heated Seats,Power Door Locks,Satellite Radio,B...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAC62J3032707
    Stock: J3032707T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $25,411
    fair price
    $4 above market
    • 31,898 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Subaru Lakeland (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lakeland, FL / 184 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Certified. Crimson Red Pearl 2020 Subaru Legacy Limited XT AWD Lineartronic CVT 2.4L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V Recent Servic...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWGN61L3032018
    Stock: L3032018
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • $13,898
    fair price
    $280 below market
    • 101,850 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Johnston, IA / 1,339 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Satellite Radio,Heated Seats,Power Do...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF6XJ3031235
    Stock: J3031235V
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 74,771 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Roseville, CA / 2,535 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAC62J3035431
    Stock: 27421530
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $14,599
    fair price
    $1,396 above market
    • 116,786 miles
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Spokane Valley, WA / 2,511 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF62J3042536
    Stock: 27712683
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 57,122 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,147 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAC69J3043994
    Stock: 2003880440
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

    • 55,035 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,542 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF63J3045493
    Stock: 2003892420
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 63,882 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OR to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salem, OR / 2,706 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAH63J3008599
    Stock: 27075744
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 12,137 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OR to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Beaverton, OR / 2,706 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAK64J3039868
    Stock: 27272662
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 12,992 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,108 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAN66J3036417
    Stock: 2003901774
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 33,051 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 663 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF68J3037860
    Stock: 2003863722
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

    • 94,350 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,108 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF6XJ3036774
    Stock: 2003912227
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

    • 95,748 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 938 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAN6XJ3020947
    Stock: 27626892
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 41,194 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 649 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAN64J3028770
    Stock: 2003917158
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 59,335 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 701 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF66J3022886
    Stock: 27545468
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 81,364 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 1,206 miles away from Miami Beach, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAC61J3027479
    Stock: 26456332
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 332 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Subaru Legacy

Read recent reviews for the Subaru Legacy
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars47 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 47 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (9%)
5 out of 5 stars

Underrated Car

Aldo, 12/06/2017
2018 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Limited 4dr Sedan AWD (2.5L 4cyl CVT)
I think the knock others give any Legacy with the 2.5 engine needs to be challenged. I have found that I have plenty of power and can't understand why there are those reviews that call for more. It simply makes no sense. I have all the get up and go I'd ever want. The car is comfortable, quiet, and loaded with technology. The EyeSight system works flawlessly in every way and the … interior is nicely appointed, giving the impression of a much higher priced luxury car. In fact, within the last couple of months, we rented a so-called "luxury" car while on a trip to the west coast. Our Subaru is a far better car in every way. I love the steering responsive LED headlights, and I love their auto dimming/brightening capability as well. The Harmon-Kardon sound system makes listening to media a total joy. The only knock is not having an extra inch to take the front seat back. I'm a big guy (6'4') and could use just a tad extra, but still, compared to competitors' cars, I can get in and out with much greater ease. The ride is quiet, braking is solid, yet not abrupt, and the AWD gives it superior handling characteristics.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Subaru Legacy in Miami Beach, FL Values

Estimated values
2018 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Premium 4dr Sedan AWD (2.5L 4cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$10,954$13,918$16,367
Clean$10,596$13,446$15,794
Average$9,999$12,661$14,839
Rough$9,223$11,640$13,597

The average list price of a used 2018 Subaru Legacy in Miami Beach, Florida is $18,111. The average mileage on a used Subaru Legacy 2018 for sale in Miami Beach, Florida is 64,951. Based on the average mileage of 64,951 for used 2018 Subaru Legacy for sale in Miami Beach, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Subaru Legacy 2018 in Miami Beach, Florida to be $9,999.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.