Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,724 listings
  • $11,495
    great price
    $3,234 below market
    • 103,427 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • A Better Way Wholesale Autos (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Naugatuck, CT / 85 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    - Award-Winning Excellence: Recognized by industry leaders like Edmunds and Kelley Blue Book for comfort, performance, and cost-efficiency. - Advance...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSACC4H3339073
    Stock: 339073N
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,900
    great price
    $4,174 below market
    • 110,332 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Decozen Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (11 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Verona, NJ / 11 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSENC9H3404827
    Stock: 07085B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,995
    great price
    $1,461 below market
    • 123,127 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • A Better Way Wholesale Autos (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Naugatuck, CT / 85 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    - Experience power and efficiency with a robust 3.6L H6 engine delivering 256hp and 247ft. lbs. of torque, paired with a smooth 6-Speed Shiftable CVT....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSETC3H3414403
    Stock: 414403NL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $12,999
    good price
    $1,411 below market
    • 96,727 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Spot (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Wood-Ridge, NJ / 15 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Price includes all costs to be paid by consumer, except for licensing costs, registration fees, retail package, title and taxes. Any monetary discount...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSACC8H3371105
    Stock: 371105-5
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,745
    good price
    $542 below market
    • 133,065 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Sands Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (62 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Quakertown, PA / 62 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    2017 Subaru Outback 2.5i LimitedALL WHEEL DRIVE, SANDS MARKET BASED PRICING, harman/kardon Surround Sound Speaker System, Navigation System, Power m...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSANC0H3299071
    Stock: BC25048
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $15,290
    good price
    $316 below market
    • 103,571 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Eatontown, NJ / 27 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping As...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSETCXH3323628
    Stock: KHP5657
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,945
    fair price
    $297 below market
    • 66,706 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Patriot Chevrolet (77 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Limerick, PA / 77 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    2017 Subaru Outback 2.5i Blue Clean CARFAX. Clean Carfax Vehicle History, Rear view Camera, Bluetooth Hands-Free, USB / AUX Input to play music, Premi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSAFC1H3222966
    Stock: L3257A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    $13,499
    fair price
    $838 below market
    • 95,299 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Spot (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Wood-Ridge, NJ / 15 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Price includes all costs to be paid by consumer, except for licensing costs, registration fees, retail package, title and taxes. Any monetary discount...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSAFC7H3253722
    Stock: 253722-22
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,177
    fair price
    $75 below market
    • 42,455 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Holman Toyota (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Mount Laurel, NJ / 64 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Introducing the 2017 Subaru Outback 3.6R Limited, a perfect blend of style, capability, and performance. Finished in a stunning Ice Silver Metallic ex...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSENC2H3217557
    Stock: H3217557
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,695
    fair price
    $732 above market
    • 92,931 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Romeo Ford (89 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Kingston, NY / 89 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSATC6H3364718
    Stock: 25344SA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • $13,991
    fair price
    $771 above market
    • 110,522 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Performance Auto (58 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bohemia, NY / 58 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    2017 Subaru Outback 2.5i Premium! Loaded! Popular Package #5! Moonroof! Power Gate! Navigation! Eye-Sight! Blind Spot! Rear Cross Traffic! Lane Keep A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSAHCXH3423925
    Stock: 423925
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • $11,750
    good price
    $1,360 below market
    • 126,608 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Magic Auto Sales (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Little Ferry, NJ / 16 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSANC5H3330119
    Stock: 330119
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $13,988
    good price
    $1,087 below market
    • 96,491 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Arrow Motors (2 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Linden, NJ / 2 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSAFC0H3376312
    Stock: H3376312
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 232,412 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Bruce Bennett Nissan of Danbury (62 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Danbury, CT / 62 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    BLUETOOTH/HANDS FREE/CELL PHONE, BACK UP CAMERA, BLIND SPOT WARNING ALERT, ONE OWNER, CLEAN CARFAX/NO ACCIDENTS REPORTED, Aha, Eyesight & Navigation &...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSANC9H3407915
    Stock: P0331A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $16,577
    good price
    $1,420 below market
    • 62,729 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Capital Motor Group (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Medford, NY / 64 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSANC1H3311454
    Stock: 10211
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $14,750
    good price
    $659 below market
    • 96,220 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Magic Auto Sales (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Little Ferry, NJ / 16 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSANC0H3234981
    Stock: 234981
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 93,510 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax East Haven (82 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in East Haven, CT / 82 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSENC9H3202828
    Stock: 27544163
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $13,990
    good price
    $968 below market
    • 89,964 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • New York Auto Depot (44 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Buchanan, NY / 44 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSAAC0H3413723
    Stock: NN413723
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 75,780 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Maple Shade (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Maple Shade, NJ / 64 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSAKC5H3227075
    Stock: 26604121
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 107,150 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Waterbury (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Waterbury, CT / 88 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSENC7H3267791
    Stock: 27019534
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 114,461 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Colonial Subaru (66 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Danbury, CT / 66 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S4BSANC8H3407002
    Stock: N9165A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 2,724 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Subaru Outback

Read recent reviews for the Subaru Outback
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars198 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 198 reviews
  • 5 star
    (64%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

Exhaustive comparison

Bobby W, 12/07/2016
2017 Subaru Outback 2.5i Limited 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl CVT)
My wife and I did an exhaustive comparison between the Outback Limited, KIA Sorrento, Nissan Rogue, Hyundai Santa Fe and the Toyota Rav 4. We test drove each of the models above -some of them two or three times. We compared features, poured over projected reliability data and read countless forums about each model. I even contacted the Service Managers at each dealership in an attempt … to gleen information about common problems. In the end, the Subaru Outback excelled in every category, including advanced safety features like the Eyesight technology. Moreover, the ride of the Outback handled better and seemed more comfortable, as well as more responsive in our test drive than the other models. Subaru's Symmetrical All Wheel Drive was also a key factor in our decision. It is a superior system and due to the design, eliminates torque steer due to engine weight displacement during emergency handling. Less important features, like the self-storing roof crossbars, which eliminate drag and wind noise, pointed to the overall intelligent engineering of the vehicle. Little details like that are indications of practical design that I believe extend throughout the car. The comfort and convenience features are as nice as any $40-50,000 car. I should point out that choosing a new car in this category was not easy. Some of the other manufacturers have very competitive cars with outstanding feautures. But in the end, after literally months of research, we chose the 2017 Subaru Outback Limited because it seemed superior and met our needs. We are extremely happy with our decision.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Subaru Outback in Elizabeth, NJ Values

Estimated values
2017 Subaru Outback 2.5i Premium 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$8,982$11,791$13,943
Clean$8,657$11,346$13,395
Average$8,114$10,604$12,483
Rough$7,409$9,640$11,296

The average list price of a used 2017 Subaru Outback in Elizabeth, New Jersey is $14,804. The average mileage on a used Subaru Outback 2017 for sale in Elizabeth, New Jersey is 103,499. Based on the average mileage of 103,499 for used 2017 Subaru Outback for sale in Elizabeth, NJ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Subaru Outback 2017 in Elizabeth, New Jersey to be $8,114.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.