Skip to FiltersReport abuse
1,476 listings
- Price Drop$17,590fair price$117 below market
- 94,612 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
- Carvana (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,644 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFACM9L0761553
Stock: 2003748930
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-20-2025 - $20,998good price$890 below market
- 43,427 miles
- No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
- Driveway (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Temecula, CA / 1,900 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFACM1L0723122
Stock: L0723122A
Certified Pre-Owned: No - New Listing$21,500good price$743 below market
- 77,022 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Siemans Jeep Chrysler Dodge Ram (142 mi away)
Close
Located in Bridgman, MI / 142 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Trustworthy and worry-free, this Used 2020 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring lets you cart everyone and everything you need in one vehicle. This Mazda CX-5 com...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: Yes
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBDM0L1855626
Stock: M25011A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-13-2025 - $24,999good price$1,280 below market
- 23,653 miles
- 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Driveway (38 mi away)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Troy, MI / 38 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Seats,Remote Start,Sunro...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBDM0N0627473
Stock: N0627473P
Certified Pre-Owned: No - Price Drop$26,590fair price$61 below market
- 26,407 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Carvana - Cleveland (121 mi away)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Cleveland, OH / 121 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBCM9N0528510
Stock: 2003762929
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-27-2025 - Price Drop$29,495fair price$196 below market
- 32,241 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
- Germain Mazda of Columbus (160 mi away)
- Five Star Dealer
Close
Located in Columbus, OH / 160 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 Turbo Signature Soul Red Crystal Metallic 2.5L I4 AWD 6-Speed AutomaticCertified. Mazda Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Transf...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBXY0N0607772
Stock: W6424
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 05-31-2025 - $22,000fair price$7 below market
- 75,076 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- LaFontaine Mazda Kalamazoo (91 mi away)
Close
Located in Kalamazoo, MI / 91 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.At LaFontaine, we re more than just a dealership we re your partner in finding the perfect pre-owned vehicle. Every ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBDM8L1864171
Stock: 5KZ51S
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-11-2025 - New Listing$23,990fair price$420 below market
- 41,895 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Carvana - Columbus (164 mi away)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Columbus, OH / 164 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBBM0N0569593
Stock: 2003801063
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-06-2025 - $17,497good price$1,487 below market
- 71,150 miles
- 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Coughlin Kia of Dublin (154 mi away)
Close
Located in Dublin, OH / 154 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2020 Mazda CX-5 TouringCARFAX One-Owner. 24/30 City/Highway MPGAwards: * JD Power Aut...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBCM6L0868761
Stock: D7354A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-20-2025 - $24,297fair price$96 below market
- 49,803 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Mazda Direct (78 mi away)
Close
Located in Fostoria, OH / 78 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
This Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Premium Package, with a SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V, features a 6-Speed Automatic, and generates 30 highway/24 city MPG. ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBDM6N1521636
Stock: P421
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 10-21-2024 - $24,875fair price$469 below market
- 37,090 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Dean Arbour Ford of Tawas (139 mi away)
Close
Located in Tawas City, MI / 139 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
This Mazda won't be on the lot long! Worthy equipment and features in an attainable package with perfect midsize proportions! With less than 40,000 mi...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: Yes
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBDM5L1761077
Stock: U8731
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-13-2025 - Price Drop$23,800good price$1,189 below market
- 24,982 miles
- 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Twins Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM of Wayland (98 mi away)
Close
Located in Wayland, MI / 98 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Twins Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram is proud to offer all new vehicles at ZERO MARKUP to our customers! All new vehicles are priced at or below our cost! Br...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBCM9N0554184
Stock: U01588
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-13-2025 - $26,840fair price$137 below market
- 22,541 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Germain Mazda West (166 mi away)
Close
Located in Columbus, OH / 166 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Certified. Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Preferred Package AWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V CERTIFIED PRE O...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBCM0N1574902
Stock: WPN1574902
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 05-28-2025 - New Listing$24,900good price$795 below market
- 21,493 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Junction Auto Sales (144 mi away)
Close
Located in Chardon, OH / 144 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBBM9N0602980
Stock: B602980N
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-19-2025 - $27,995fair price$347 below market
- 33,773 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
- Rick Roush Honda (130 mi away)
Close
Located in Medina, OH / 130 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBAY4N0644042
Stock: P6505
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 03-28-2025 - $24,995fair price$611 above market
- 20,459 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- The Autobarn Mazda Evanston (199 mi away)
Close
Located in Evanston, IL / 199 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Select Package AWD 4D Sport Utility 6-Speed Automatic Jet Black MicaClean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.At The Autobarn Mazda of ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBBMXN0601269
Stock: PM21139
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-19-2025 - $29,550fair price$86 below market
- 29,873 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
- Preston Mazda (184 mi away)
Close
Located in Boardman, OH / 184 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Certified. 2022 CX-5 Mazda 2.5 Turbo Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2.5L I4 AWD Mazda Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Limited Warranty: 12 Month/12,000 ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBAYXN0615211
Stock: M250550A
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 05-20-2025 - Price Drop$22,990fair price$261 below market
- 77,913 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Classic Mazda (133 mi away)
Close
Located in Mentor, OH / 133 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Call or Text *JAMES JOSEPH* at (440.205.6401) for Full Details, Including a Service Report, Vehicle History, and a Thorough Car Side Description! Be S...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBEMXN1592269
Stock: MZ2819
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-06-2025 - New Listing$29,349good price$466 below market
- 20,369 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
- Chevrolet of Ottawa (86 mi away)
Close
Located in Ottawa, OH / 86 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Recent Arrival! Odometer is 12294 miles below market average! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.10 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 4.411 Axle Ratio, ABS...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBAYXN0638147
Stock: U3538
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-17-2025 - New Listing$27,490good price$801 below market
- 34,598 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Classic Mazda Westside (119 mi away)
Close
Located in Cleveland, OH / 119 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Certified Pre-Owned and ready to go! Our Mazda has been inspected by our technicians and it comes with a vehicle history report and 160-point inspecti...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBEM6N0648665
Stock: R15338A
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-18-2025 - Price Drop$23,700fair price$258 above market
- 39,014 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Driveway (25 mi away)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Farmington Hills, MI / 25 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI
Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,WiFi Hotspot,4 Cyli...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3KFBBM2N0627803
Stock: N0627803P
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Showing 589 - 609 out of 1,476 listings
Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-5
Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-5
My second CX5!
Angel, 08/06/2015
2016 Mazda CX-5 Touring 4dr SUV w/Prod. End 01/16 (2.5L 4cyl 6A)
I don't understand a lot of the reviews that I've seen here. I read some of the complaints and you could tell that these people forget what a car is supposed to be and do. They are complaining about the A/C, I haven't experienced any lack of cooling ability and I live in South Florida. This is an SUV meaning its bigger than a regular car so it takes more effort to cool, consider … installing tinted window film if you need a cooler car. In terms of some of the other non-functioning or not to my liking features, please read the car manual, it is all in there. Some of the options could be disabled if it is too much work learning how to use them properly.
This is a great car for the money, and it is the reason that I traded my 2014 for a brand new 2016. There was nothing wrong with the 2014, but having to get rid of my son's old car with high mileage, I found a great deal trading in both my cars for the new one.
This car is the complete package; amazing performance, very safe, awesome looks, quality construction, very reliable and a bargain for your money.
Like all cars, there are some flaws in the CX5, but so far I have not heard of the perfect car out there and probably never will, as each one of us have different needs and wants. That being said, the flaws I will talk about are minimal and won't affect your decision when buying a great performing SUV.
1) I wished the Bose Audio System was more powerful, I don't know if Bose decided to make a lower quality than usual system for Mazda or if it has to do with the speakers location but I certainly expect more from Bose. It is still a nice sound system and being packaged with the moonroof, makes sense for the price. The regular sound system with 6 speakers instead of the Bose 9, should be very weak.
2) I also consider the Technology Package a good addition unless you're comfortable following navigation instructions from a telephone, I prefer the car's GPS. It does take some getting used to versus the old tom-tom system, but I believe it's an upgraded version and you get 3 years of free map upgrades.
3) I could use more usb charging outlets, like behind the center console for the rear passengers, but again not a big deal.
4) I don't understand why the passenger seat has to be manually adjusted when it has six-way power driver seat. Again, no big deal.
That being said, I love the new infotainment and its larger 7-inch touchscreen interface and the multifunction controller knob, it makes the whole driving experience better. You feel in control of all your needs with a touch of a button (music, phone, gps, etc.)
The new electronic parking brake makes for a better looking cabin and extra space for you cellphone and/or wallet.
I love the new keyless entry feature with just the press of a button at the doors and also the trunk.
I definitely noted two big differences from my 2014 model, the quietness inside the cabin (which I love) and that is because Mazda added sound insulation for reduced road noise, and a smoother ride as a result of the revised suspension tuning. The smoother ride is something that I am still getting used to, being a speed junkie myself and a kart enthusiast I like a stiffer suspension, it gives me a better feel for the road. Nonetheless it makes for a more luxurious drive and I'm sure a lot of people will like that better. This is one of the things that is a matter of personal taste. On the other hand, Mazda added a "sport" mode selector that you can choose if you like higher revs and get the most out of its powerful engine.
I am very happy with this vehicle. I have taken it on a long road trip and it is so comfortable, but also very responsive when you need to make a pass or speed up. I am sure everyone will find a comfortable position on the driver's seat.
If you're looking for a compact SUV that feels bigger than it looks, gives you a quality ride without sacrificing performance and has anything you would like to have in today's car environment, look no further this is your car. Mazda quality has been proven for decades and their car engineering is at the top of the charts.
I got my 2016 Touring CX5 with both packages (Technology and Moonroof/Bose), roof rack rails and crossbars for $27,000 (out the door), from an MSRP of just over $29K before taxes, fees and registration. You just can't get this type of vehicle with all the amenities, options and performance for that amount of money and the best part is that the Lexus, Audi and Acura owners who pay at least $10K more, still look mesmerized at you and your ride.
Used 2020 Mazda CX-5 in Ann Arbor, MI Values
Estimated values
2020 Mazda CX-5 Touring 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
| Condition | Trade-In | Private Party | Dealer Retail |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | $18,342 | $20,609 | $22,804 |
| Clean | $17,804 | $19,982 | $22,085 |
| Average | $16,907 | $18,936 | $20,887 |
| Rough | $15,740 | $17,577 | $19,330 |
The average list price of a used 2020 Mazda CX-5 in Ann Arbor, Michigan is $24,545. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-5 2020 for sale in Ann Arbor, Michigan is 42,733. Based on the average mileage of 42,733 for used 2020 Mazda CX-5 for sale in Ann Arbor, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-5 2020 in Ann Arbor, Michigan to be $16,907.
Filters
Skip to ResultsApplied Filters4Active
Make & Model
Year
New / Used
Price & Payments
Price Rating
Body Type
Trim
Mileage
Accidents & History
Engine & Drivetrain
Exterior Color
Interior Color
Total Seating
Edmunds Review
Features
Options & Packages
MPG
* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.