Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
791 listings
  • New Listing
    • 37,225 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to KS*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Pleasanton, CA / 1,469 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU6H39GM754173
    Stock: 27237555
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 35,946 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NY to KS*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Rochester, NY / 935 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU6H57GM763567
    Stock: 27256463
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 107,240 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to KS*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 478 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H52GM734553
    Stock: 24059757
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 113,301 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to KS*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 630 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU6H73GM731703
    Stock: 26768293
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 91,991 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 281 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H37GM714281
    Stock: 2003744098
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 88,633 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 687 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU6H57GM765464
    Stock: 2003729883
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

    • 95,133 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to KS*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Bakersfield, CA / 1,359 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H56GM703659
    Stock: 27288307
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 78,826 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to KS*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Hickory, NC / 768 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H31GM740827
    Stock: 26814924
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 65,668 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OK to KS*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 272 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H30GM754170
    Stock: 27178398
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 76,546 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to KS*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Greenville, SC / 739 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU6H31GM723774
    Stock: 27250836
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 43,761 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 461 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H51GM745625
    Stock: 2003735731
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

    • 78,543 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to KS*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 475 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5G39GM742424
    Stock: 27394896
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 78,302 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 709 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU6H77GM736483
    Stock: 2003683643
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 67,032 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from PA to KS*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lancaster, PA / 982 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU6H5XGM763093
    Stock: 27264161
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 73,172 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to KS*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 1,023 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H5XGM748538
    Stock: 26583170
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 62,727 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Pinegar Honda (141 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 141 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU6H74GM755959
    Stock: P11970
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • $20,998
    fair price
    • 15,189 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to KS*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 420 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H59GM701811
    Stock: 26802759
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $20,590
    fair price
    $1,447 above market
    • 22,783 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 574 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H52GM740403
    Stock: 2003732799
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

    • 68,948 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Pacific Auto (172 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lincoln, NE / 172 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU6H56GM740944
    Stock: 11214
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • New Listing
    • 113,718 miles
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 370 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H51GM713516
    Stock: 2003724735
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

    • 117,370 miles
    • 3 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to KS*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Bristol, TN / 698 miles away from Overland Park, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRU5H5XGM721498
    Stock: 26600421
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 22 - 42 out of 791 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Honda HR-V

Read recent reviews for the Honda HR-V
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars191 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 191 reviews
  • 5 star
    (43%)
  • 4 star
    (32%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (10%)
5 out of 5 stars

In a Rollover accident with my HRV

Jaime, 10/13/2015
2016 Honda HR-V EX 4dr SUV AWD (1.8L 4cyl CVT)
THIS CAR SAVED MY FAMILIES LIVES!!!!! On 10/10/15 I was t-boned by a Toyota Tundra. I had 3 children in the back seat, ages 10, 8 and 7. The 8 year old boy was my neighbor. We were on our way to a pumpkin patch. The Tundra hit my passengers side door bending the frame of the car. My 7 yr old daughter was sitting behind the passengers seat. She's alive and ok! The impact was so hard it … took the passengers side wheels off the ground. Just riding on 2 wheels, we ran off the road into a ditch, coming up and out of the ditch the car rolled over on the drivers side then landed on the roof. When it stopped the rear of the car was completely off the ground. The hood and windshield was not visible from outside. It was all on the ground. Every airbag deployed and everything this car was designed to do, it did! We were all able to crawl out of the vehicle and walk to the ambulance, walk into the hospital and walk out of the hospital. None of us had head injuries, major neck injuries or broken bones. We were able walk away with just some bruises and soreness. I was asked by paramedics, police, nurses and doctors over and over and over again "What kind of car were you driving?". Prior to the accident, I was in love with this car!!! I plan on buying another one as soon as I get the check from the insurance company! My kids are alive after a horrific accident. What more could you need or want in a car???
Report abuse

Used 2016 Honda HR-V in Overland Park, KS Values

Estimated values
2016 Honda HR-V LX 4dr SUV AWD (1.8L 4cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$11,356$13,417$14,900
Clean$10,804$12,732$14,103
Average$9,884$11,590$12,775
Rough$8,687$10,105$11,049

The average list price of a used 2016 Honda HR-V in Overland Park, Kansas is $18,101. The average mileage on a used Honda HR-V 2016 for sale in Overland Park, Kansas is 72,955. Based on the average mileage of 72,955 for used 2016 Honda HR-V for sale in Overland Park, KS and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Honda HR-V 2016 in Overland Park, Kansas to be $9,884.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.