Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
34 listings
  • 118,500 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automated Manual
    Miami Imports (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 6 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWLF7AU4FW161656
    Stock: 161656
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-17-2023

  • 111,040 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automated Manual
    Mint Auto Sales (Orlando) (190 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 190 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWLF7AU0FW210903
    Stock: 11131
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2024

  • 76,392 miles
    2 Accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automated Manual
    HGreg.com Doral (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Doral, FL / 8 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWLF7AU6GW133259
    Stock: W133259
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-13-2024

  • Price Drop
    37,280 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Manual
    Lotus of Orlando (192 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 192 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    VERY LOW MILES - 37,280! CARFAX 1-Owner, Excellent Condition. WAS $29,995, EPA 31 MPG Hwy/22 MPG City!, $1,600 below Kelley Blue Book! Heated Leather ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWUF7AU5GW284100
    Stock: AU284100
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2024

  • 117,546 miles
    2 Accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Manual
    Orlando Auto Sale (194 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 194 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    Visit Florida Apex Autos online at www.FAACars.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 6**-8**-8*** today to schedule your test dri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWUF7AU2GW204008
    Stock: 204008
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2023

  • New Listing
    30,007 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automated Manual
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,138 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWLF7AU1GW283358
    Stock: 2002904289
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-04-2024

  • Price Drop
    97,698 miles
    Title issue reported, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automated Manual
    AutoNation Ford St. Petersburg (196 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Saint Petersburg, FL / 196 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    Leather Seats Navigation System Lane Keeping Assist Keyless Start Rear Spoiler Deep Black Pearl Metallic This vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarante...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWVF7AU5JW067092
    Stock: JW067092
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2024

  • 57,269 miles
    2 Accidents, 4 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Manual
    Cars Konnect (198 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 198 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    !!!DON'T WAIT TILL IS GONE CALL OR TEXT US TODAY AT 8**-4 !!! - . We Advertised Special Offer is subject to change without notice and cannot be comb...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWWF7AU7HW146679
    Stock: 6679
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2024

  • 15,217 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automated Manual
    Hanna Cars (177 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bradenton, FL / 177 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 2019 Volkswagen Golf R DCC & Navigation 4Motion Black Odometer is 25997 miles below market average! 23/30 City/H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWVA7AU9KW216197
    Stock: 4000841
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2024

  • 50,193 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automated Manual
    Florida Fine Cars (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 8 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    Usb Port, Tire Pressure Monitoring, Side Airbags, Premium Wheels, Premium Audio, Power Seats, Power Mirrors, Navigation, MP3, Lumbar Support, LED Head...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWVA7AU5KW227083
    Stock: 139928
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-04-2024

  • Price Drop
    44,331 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automated Manual
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 655 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWVF7AU1HW177437
    Stock: 2002806339
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-25-2024

  • 68,876 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automated Manual
    V & B Auto Sales (190 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 190 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWVF7AU7HW120482
    Stock: W120482
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-18-2023

  • 125,357 miles
    Frame damage reported, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Manual
    iCars of Orlando (200 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Ocoee, FL / 200 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    ICARS of Orlando Sales 435 W Franklin St #1 Ocoee, FL 34761 4**-4**-8*** Visit ICARS of Orlando to shop our great deals. You can contact us or cal...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWRF7AJ5DW076029
    Stock: 076029
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2024

  • New Listing
    $21,990
    fair price
    $162 above market
    54,993 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Manual
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 2,074 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWPF7AJ4CW176824
    Stock: 2002864388
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2024

  • Price Drop
    51,437 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automated Manual
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 855 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWVA7AU5KW195137
    Stock: 2002812242
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2024

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    11,631 miles
    4cyl Manual
    Schumacher Automotive Group (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 57 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    Certified. Blue 2019 Volkswagen Golf R DCC & Navigation 4Motion AWD 6-Speed Manual 2.0L TSI DOHCWE DELIVER TO YOUR HOME OR OFFICE !! Volkswagen Certif...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWWA7AU4KW209274
    Stock: V240224A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-04-2024

  • Price Drop
    26,757 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Manual
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,080 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWWA7AU6KW174527
    Stock: 2002862155
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2024

  • New Listing
    29,785 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automated Manual
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 827 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWVA7AU3KW161391
    Stock: 2002887897
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2024

  • 64,529 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Manual
    Gene Gorman's Auto Sales (128 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Punta Gorda, FL / 128 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWWA7AU5KW189567
    Stock: GP6075-T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-24-2024

  • 22,693 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Manual
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 694 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWWA7AU2KW230043
    Stock: 25394139
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    28,835 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automated Manual
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 201 miles away from Hialeah, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWVA7AU4KW157785
    Stock: 25682516
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 34 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Volkswagen Golf R

Read recent reviews for the Volkswagen Golf R
Overall Consumer Rating
5 out of 5 stars1 Review
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 1 reviews
  • 5 star
    (100%)
  • 4 star
    (0%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Launch Edition Delivers its Promise! 10K Miles

JK WETHING, 08/08/2015
2015 Volkswagen Golf R w/Dynamic Chassis Control and Navigation 4dr Hatchback AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6AM)
I have really been enjoying my Golf R DSG now for just over 10k miles. I use it for daily driving and I am really surprised about the all around capabilities of this car. As you can see by the mileage I am a pretty daily commuter and with 3 1/2 months I have put 10k miles on my little Fun Box. Plain and simple, this is an Audi in so many ways. Overall I have had nothing, but great … things to say about this car. This car will not Wow you at first. It drives very nice and is compliant for everyday use. The moment you find the Race Mode along with a heavier foot.... and then you will simply say out loud..... "Holy Sh....". It does not initially seem fast at the top half of the soft pedal. This really is an awesome vehicle after you get to know that this is not a Boy Toy, but rather a very nicely balanced Stealth Fighter. I should mention that I have a 5 year old and and a 7 year old and they both ride comfortably in the back. I would also say that I have had adults up to 5' 9" that fit OK in the back seats. Keep in mind that I am over 6' and adjusted my seat forward for adults. I only have a very short list about what I would improve for simply my personal taste. Don't get me wrong, this car is really great in so many ways. 1. I am 6" 2" and 225 lbs..... I do at times feel a little tight in the seats after about an hour. Just returned from a round trip of 1300 miles and did just fine. Maybe just time to start doing some sit ups. 2. Replaced 3 of 4 - 19" wheels along with one tire due to bends from local Northeast US Potholes. Trust me- Buy the Road Hazard Warranty- I paid $900 and already received a receipt for $2600 in parts and Labor that I did not have to layout. The ride is not bad, but the bumps around here make for a very cautious ride. Swapping for 18" wheels this winter. 3. VW needs to wake up with this entertainment head unit. My wife just got a new 15' Subaru Outback and the Tech is better on this unit...? Yes, I want it all for $40k. OK, I think I am ready to go take a drive.....RRRRRRRRRRR
Report abuse

Used 2015 Volkswagen Golf R in Hialeah, FL Values

Estimated values
2015 Volkswagen Golf R w/Dynamic Chassis Control and Navigation 4dr Hatchback AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,042$21,083$24,691
Clean$15,424$20,213$23,608
Average$14,394$18,765$21,802
Rough$13,054$16,882$19,455

The average list price of a used 2015 Volkswagen Golf R in Hialeah, Florida is $27,330. The average mileage on a used Volkswagen Golf R 2015 for sale in Hialeah, Florida is 59,065. Based on the average mileage of 59,065 for used 2015 Volkswagen Golf R for sale in Hialeah, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Volkswagen Golf R 2015 in Hialeah, Florida to be $14,394.

Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

34 cars
|
$33,187 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.