Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
600 listings
  • New Listing
    • 26,790 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ontario, CA / 2,194 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDYXP0636345
    Stock: 27453597
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 27,499 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OR to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Milwaukie, OR / 2,368 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY8N0613708
    Stock: 27434381
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 27,211 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NJ to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Edison, NJ / 401 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY7P0646475
    Stock: 27223367
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 27,258 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Miami Lakes, FL / 688 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBEY7N0609535
    Stock: 27319848
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 28,141 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 351 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY9N0608473
    Stock: 2003676114
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 28,037 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 490 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY4N0611227
    Stock: 2003593439
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 27,791 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Madison, TN / 451 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY3P0634078
    Stock: 27327579
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 30,400 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Owen Ford (96 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jarratt, VA / 96 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    Quality used Cars, Trucks and SUVs for sale near me at Owen Ford serving Emporia, Colonial Heights, Franklin, Roanoke Rapids, Blackstone & surroundi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY4N0615830
    Stock: P15830
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 32,072 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Boston, MA / 605 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY8N0602287
    Stock: 2003740212
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • $26,998
    fair price
    $239 above market
    • 36,081 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ocola, FL / 504 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY9N0602444
    Stock: 27165540
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $31,998
    fair price
    $770 above market
    • 30,977 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 275 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY9P0630682
    Stock: 27408553
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 31,647 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tallahassee, FL / 494 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY6P0640722
    Stock: 27323594
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 30,275 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Royal Palm Beach, FL / 635 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY2P0631852
    Stock: 27158778
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 36,685 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Buford, GA / 325 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY6N0601543
    Stock: 27258061
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 31,709 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Buena Park, CA / 2,222 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDYXP0654084
    Stock: 27453270
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 32,235 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MA to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in North Attleboro, MA / 579 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDYXP0631095
    Stock: 27320480
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $28,988
    fair price
    $598 above market
    • 52,584 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Modern Mazda of Burlington (51 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Burlington, NC / 51 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    Recent Arrival! BACKUP CAMERA, BLUETOOTH, 2 SETS OF KEYS, BALANCE OF FACTORY WARRANTY, The 2023 Mazda CX-9 Touring Plus features a sophisticated Snowf...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY2P0635985
    Stock: 13PE3156
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 34,061 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Murrieta, CA / 2,182 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY7N0611968
    Stock: 27428253
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 59,480 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Capital Ford of Wilmington (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, NC / 116 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    BACK UP CAMERA **, Bluetooth HANDSFREE **, SUNROOF / MOONROOF **, 3rd Row / Third Row / 7 Seat Option, CarFax Clean Title, CarFax One Owner, Extende...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY1P0659577
    Stock: NPD8515
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-20-2025

    • 91,474 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 2,025 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY1N0615093
    Stock: 26929465
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 33,755 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Frederick, MD / 258 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY7N0625428
    Stock: 27329091
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 526 - 546 out of 600 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-9

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-9
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (62%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great Find!

gr8sail, 01/26/2012
2012 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring 4dr SUV AWD (3.7L 6cyl 6A)
I needed to consolidate cars. My 13 year old 4Runner died and while I absolutely loved my Infiniti M45 Sport, I decided 3 cars ('99 MX5 Miata 10th Anniversary edition) was one too many. I wanted the cargo ccapacity of the 4Runner and the handling of the M45. I got both in the CX9 Grand Touring. This car is great! Terrific handling, good acceleration (it's not the M45) and enough high … end features and gadgets to keep me happy. Mazda understands the importance of good ergonomics. The dash and controls are laid out well. The leather seats are very comfortable. There is plenty of room, front and back, ingress and egress is easy. A perfect combination of performance and functionality
Report abuse

Used 2023 Mazda CX-9 in Raleigh, NC Values

Estimated values
2023 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,402$27,948$29,689
Clean$26,071$27,568$29,255
Average$25,520$26,935$28,531
Rough$24,803$26,113$27,590

The average list price of a used 2023 Mazda CX-9 in Raleigh, North Carolina is $31,633. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-9 2023 for sale in Raleigh, North Carolina is 36,008. Based on the average mileage of 36,008 for used 2023 Mazda CX-9 for sale in Raleigh, NC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-9 2023 in Raleigh, North Carolina to be $25,520.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.