Your Privacy

By accessing this website, you acknowledge that Edmunds and its third-party business partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technologies to collect information about you and your interactions with the website as described in our Privacy Statement; and you agree that your use of the website is subject to our Visitor Agreement.
Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
285 listings
  • $11,597
    fair price
    $166 below market
    • 134,450 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • MBL Auto & TRUCKS (88 mi away)
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Woodford, VA / 88 miles away from Frederick, MD

    2012 Chevrolet Express 2500 3dr Cargo Van w/ 1WT 4.8L V8 Flex Fuel Automatic 6-Speed RWD **WE FINANCE PEOPLE WITH ALL TYPES OF CREDIT.** TOTAL ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCA8C1107728
    Stock: MB107728
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 117,680 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Mahwy Cars (32 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Towing Hitch
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 32 miles away from Frederick, MD

    -500 MILES FREE SHIPPING TO YOUR HOUSE. -All our Vehicles Passed VA safety inspection before listing for sales.-Fresh oil change and filter.-3 months ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCB3C1125014
    Stock: Jt5014
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $6,695
    great price
    $2,816 below market
    • 191,448 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Metro America Auto Sales (76 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Manheim, PA / 76 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCG7C1151191
    Stock: 10243
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $8,647
    good price
    $2,986 below market
    • 189,270 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 2 Seats
    • Progressive Auto Finance (78 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 78 miles away from Frederick, MD

    -WHOLESALE TO THE PUBLIC!! -WE OFFER GREAT PRODUCT WITH CLEAN TITLES AT UNBEATABLE PRICES GUARANTEED!! -NO ACCIDENTS -30 SERVICE RECORDS -CASH PR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCZGTBG6C1180355
    Stock: 180355
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • $11,997
    fair price
    $891 below market
    • 114,023 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • MBL Auto & TRUCKS (88 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    • 6000lb Towing Capaci...
    Close

    Located in Woodford, VA / 88 miles away from Frederick, MD

    2010 Chevrolet Express 1500 3dr Cargo Van 5.3L V8 Flex Fuel Automatic 4-Speed RWD **WE FINANCE PEOPLE WITH ALL TYPES OF CREDIT.** TOTAL PRICES ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCUGAD41A1168533
    Stock: 168533
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $9,994
    good price
    $1,010 below market
    • 163,415 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Drive Nation (76 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 76 miles away from Frederick, MD

    WE OFFER A LARGE SELECTION PRE OWNED VEHICLES. WE OFFER FINANCING AND FREE DELIVERY TO ALL OUR CUSTOMERS. NEED TO BE PICKED UP AT AN AIR PORT? WE OFFE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCSGAFX0E1163201
    Stock: DN201
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $12,999
    fair price
    $1,021 above market
    • 111,784 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats
    • Xtreme Car (33 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Vienna, VA / 33 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Our 2012 Chevrolet Express 2500 Cargo Van is perfect for your personal and business needs. It is perfect for work, deliveries or conversions. It has h...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCG7C1189309
    Stock: 189309
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • $11,990
    fair price
    $971 above market
    • 137,698 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • I-Deal Cars (72 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Harrisburg, PA / 72 miles away from Frederick, MD

    ***RARE QUIGLEY 4X4***ONE OWNER***2012 CHEVROLET EXPRESS 2500 VIN: 1GCWGFCG4C1152816 VAN 6.0L V8 F OHV 16V FLEX FUEL, REAR WHEEL DRIVE, POWER WINDOWS ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCG4C1152816
    Stock: 152816
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • $17,995
    fair price
    $708 above market
    • 82,278 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, government vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 13 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Import Center (40 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 6000lb Towing Capaci...
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 40 miles away from Frederick, MD

    2012 Chevrolet Express 1500 CargoVan 3D V8, Flex Fuel, 5.3 Liter Automatic, 4-Spd w/OverdriveAWD 3 8Cargo Flexible_FuelWhite GrayClean$19,999Auto ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCSHAF43C1164830
    Stock: 164830
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2025

  • $11,900
    fair price
    $638 above market
    • 166,064 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Capital Auto Sales (1 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Towing Hitch
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Frederick, MD / 1 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCA7C1107283
    Stock: 107283
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 347,493 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Zimmey's Automotive of Schaefferstown (86 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Schaefferstown, PA / 86 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GBZGUCL0C1114681
    Stock: C7235
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-13-2024

    • 69,596 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • EZ Car Plus (59 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Edgewood, MD / 59 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFFAXC1135364
    Stock: 135364
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-30-2024

    • 160,029 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 2 Seats
    • Carma Auto (44 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Capitol Heights, MD / 44 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCB0D1902380
    Stock: 902380
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-06-2024

  • $6,994
    fair price
    $636 below market
    • 220,980 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 2 Seats
    • Drive Nation (76 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 76 miles away from Frederick, MD

    WE OFFER A LARGE SELECTION PRE OWNED VEHICLES. WE OFFER FINANCING AND FREE DELIVERY TO ALL OUR CUSTOMERS. NEED TO BE PICKED UP AT AN AIR PORT? WE OFFE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGG25C591163954
    Stock: DN954
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,681
    fair price
    $434 below market
    • 101,466 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • EZ Cars (62 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Stafford, VA / 62 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Terms of Sale Overview:We reserve the right to end this listing at anytime should the vehicle no longer be available for sale and sales prices are sub...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCA8D1152217
    Stock: 152217
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $11,500
    good price
    $1,821 below market
    • 112,629 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Five Star Motors (77 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 77 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCA5D1903631
    Stock: 903631
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • $11,995
    fair price
    $131 above market
    • 127,245 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Carvault of Chantilly (32 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    • Post-collision safet...
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 32 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFFA2D1115546
    Stock: CVLC5546
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $14,995
    fair price
    $110 above market
    • 69,000 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Manassas Auto Truck And Tractor (40 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 40 miles away from Frederick, MD

    WE DO IN HOUSE FINANCING *** BUY HERE PAY HERE ***, ASK FOR DETAILS (7**)3**-6***. WE ARE LOCATED AT 7216 CENTREVILLE RD MANASSAS VA 20111. OPEN 7 DAY...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCA1B1117709
    Stock: 117709
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-01-2024

  • Price Drop
    $11,999
    fair price
    $414 above market
    • 165,190 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 2,289 miles away from Frederick, MD

    High Demand,Rare Find,Steel Wheels,ABS,Rear Wheel Drive,Power Outlet,Engine Immobilizer,Intermittent Wipers,Bucket Seats,8 Cylinder Engine,Tires - Fro...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGGFA4D1189752
    Stock: D1189752PX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 116,000 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Manassas Auto Truck And Tractor (40 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 40 miles away from Frederick, MD

    WE DO IN HOUSE FINANCING *** BUY HERE PAY HERE ***, ASK FOR DETAILS (7**)3**-6***. WE ARE LOCATED AT 7216 CENTREVILLE RD MANASSAS VA 20111. OPEN 7 DAY...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCA7B1182371
    Stock: 182371
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-09-2023

    • 62,190 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats
    • District Auto Group (45 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • 10,000lb+ Towing Cap...
    Close

    Located in Temple Hills, MD / 45 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 16" x 6.5" Steel Wheels, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 7-Pin Sealed Connector Trailer Wiring, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, Con...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGFCG4F1279585
    Stock: 778
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 285 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Express Cargo

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Express Cargo
Overall Consumer Rating
3.8 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (44%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (19%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
4.5 out of 5 stars

WOW

wow 360K, 12/17/2009
2005 Chevrolet Express Cargo 2500 Rwd 3dr Ext Van (4.8L 8cyl 4A)
All I can say is 360K with no troubles. Engine/ trans /brakes/ electrical all exceptionally reliable. I am religious about maintenance and clean fluids which I believe has paid off. Drives great and very comfortable with seat mounted arm rests and cruise. I would consider no other after the service this vehicle has given me. This vehicle is a 2500, 4.8, 480el, semi floating 8 bolt … axle, extended wheel base. It is worked everyday hauling hardwood flooring.
Report abuse

Used 2012 Chevrolet Express Cargo in Frederick, MD Values

Estimated values
2012 Chevrolet Express Cargo 2500 3dr Van (4.8L 8cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$3,803$6,067$7,380
Clean$3,643$5,776$6,982
Average$3,377$5,290$6,320
Rough$3,031$4,658$5,458

The average list price of a used 2012 Chevrolet Express Cargo in Frederick, Maryland is $11,721. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Express Cargo 2012 for sale in Frederick, Maryland is 140,949. Based on the average mileage of 140,949 for used 2012 Chevrolet Express Cargo for sale in Frederick, MD and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Express Cargo 2012 in Frederick, Maryland to be $3,377.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.