Your Privacy

By accessing this website, you acknowledge that Edmunds and its third-party business partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technologies to collect information about you and your interactions with the website as described in our Privacy Statement; and you agree that your use of the website is subject to our Visitor Agreement.
Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,275 listings
  • $29,890
    fair price
    $1,855 below market
    • 64,890 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 2 Seats
    • Tarr Chevrolet (266 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Jefferson City, TN / 266 miles away from Columbus, GA

    EquipmentSee what's behind you with the back up camera on this model. Good News! This certified CARFAX 1-owner vehicle has only had one owner before y...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGBFP2N1175972
    Stock: U75972
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-19-2025

  • $28,980
    fair price
    $1,457 below market
    • 29,879 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Force Customs (349 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 349 miles away from Columbus, GA

    ** 2022 CHEVY EXPRESS 2500 WITH ONLY 29K MILES AND UNDER FACTORY POWERTRAIN WARRANTY! SAVE MORE THAN $14K OVER NEW. **** WE OFFER A FULL LINE OF COMME...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP4N1211509
    Stock: FC2515
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • $31,986
    fair price
    $176 below market
    • 23,687 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Berglund Chevrolet Buick (438 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Roanoke, VA / 438 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Hurry and take advantage now! This Chevrolet won't be on the lot long! It just arrived on our lot, and surely won't be here long! With fewer than 25,0...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP4N1222431
    Stock: BCP48796
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

  • $29,980
    fair price
    $1,129 below market
    • 24,339 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats
    • Force Customs (349 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 349 miles away from Columbus, GA

    ** 2022 CHEVY EXPRESS 2500 UNDER FULL FACTORY WARRANTY! SAVE MORE THAN $14K OVER NEW. **** WE OFFER A FULL LINE OF COMMERCIAL UPFITTING TO MEET YOUR N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP8N1237837
    Stock: FC2512
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-29-2024

  • Price Drop
    $29,900
    fair price
    $545 below market
    • 24,562 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Blands Truck & Cars (470 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Bloomington, IN / 470 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Family owned for over 45 years! Located at 1616 South Walnut Street. Fresh Oil Change, Fully Detailed. CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.Visit Bland's Tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFPXN1256485
    Stock: C256485
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-27-2024

  • $23,999
    fair price
    $884 below market
    • 89,664 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 580 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP8N1187232
    Stock: 8GFHMT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • $29,900
    fair price
    $1,570 below market
    • 37,190 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats
    • Bennett Motors (364 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Mayfield, KY / 364 miles away from Columbus, GA

    POWER WINDOWS,LOCKS,TILT,CRUISE,4.3 V-6,REAR WHEEL DRIVE,SLIDING SIDE DOOR,SHELVING IN REAR,NEW TIRES,2500 SERIES,CARGO VAN,135 INCH WHEELBASE,ONLY 37...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP6N1173412
    Stock: 173412
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $30,000
    fair price
    $834 below market
    • 21,406 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Uebelhor And Sons Buick GMC Vincennes (451 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Vincennes, IN / 451 miles away from Columbus, GA

    ***BACK UP CAMERA***, ***CLEAN AUTOCHECK***, ***LOW MILES***, ***ONE OWNER***. Summit White 2022 Chevrolet Express 2500 Work Van Cargo RWD 8-Speed Aut...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP4N1142112
    Stock: 722064
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • $28,999
    good price
    $5,133 below market
    • 43,235 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 1,866 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGBFP5N1233802
    Stock: 7VY7H8
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

  • $20,550
    fair price
    $587 below market
    • 81,172 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 2 Seats
    • Starling Chevrolet (353 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 353 miles away from Columbus, GA

    This 2020 Chevrolet Express 2500 Work Van in Summit White features: Cruise Control, Driver Convenience Package, Preferred Equipment Group 1WT, Tilt St...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP0L1248800
    Stock: 248800E
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,788
    fair price
    $133 above market
    • 21,000 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Universal Chevrolet (440 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Wendell, NC / 440 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Equipment: Protect this Chevrolet Express from unwanted accidents with a cutting edge backup camera system. Good News! This certified CARFAX 1-owner v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP4N1161095
    Stock: P7211
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

  • $22,901
    fair price
    $446 below market
    • 60,999 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Mullinax Ford of Palm Beach (489 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Lake Park, FL / 489 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Blue Certified 2020 Chevrolet Express 2500 Work Van, 4.3L V6 Engine, 1 OWNER, Clean CarFax, Loaded with Rear Camera, Bluetooth, Steering Wheel w/ Aud...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFPXL1221801
    Stock: 221801
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • $23,500
    fair price
    $88 above market
    • 84,315 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 2 Seats
    • Interstate Ford (497 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Miamisburg, OH / 497 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Recent Arrival! Clean CARFAX.Summit White 2020 Chevrolet Express 2500 Work Van Cargo Odometer is 9389 miles below market average!Rear View Camera,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP9L1128879
    Stock: L1128879
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,760
    fair price
    $792 above market
    • 83,884 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 2 Seats
    • Hendrick Chevrolet (307 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Monroe, NC / 307 miles away from Columbus, GA

    WiFi Hotspot, Onboard Communications System, Back-Up Camera, Hitch, DRIVER CONVENIENCE PACKAGE, AUDIO SYSTEM, AM/FM STEREO WITH MP3 P... TRANSMISSION,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP0N1165130
    Stock: P10359
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • $24,885
    fair price
    $242 above market
    • 87,759 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Kernersville Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (375 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Kernersville, NC / 375 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Certified Pre-Owned! Backup Camera! This 2022 CHEVROLET EXPRESS 2500 WORK VAN CARGO RWD has a 4.3L V6 F OHV 12V engine, automatic transmission, vinyl ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP6N1198200
    Stock: X9291
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,559
    fair price
    $80 below market
    • 126,027 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats
    • Bob Hook Chevrolet (397 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 397 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2022 Chevrolet Express G2500 cargo van with Bins and Ladder Rack. This Express 2500 is powered by the dependable, hardworking, fuel efficient 6.6L V8 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAF74N1164708
    Stock: 12357T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-16-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,684
    fair price
    $1,159 below market
    • 61,018 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 2 Seats
    • Maher Chevrolet (350 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Saint Petersburg, FL / 350 miles away from Columbus, GA

    ***Maher Chevrolet reserves the right to correct such errors and adjust pricing at any time.***.2022 Chevrolet Express 2500 Work Van Cargo Summit Whit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGBFP5N1234299
    Stock: RE8131A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • $22,950
    fair price
    $437 below market
    • 102,372 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats
    • Torx Truck Sales (326 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Eads, TN / 326 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Super Nice Express 2500 Cargo Van, comes with a 12 month 12k powertrain warranty

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP8N1157261
    Stock: 157261
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $19,990
    fair price
    $721 below market
    • 129,400 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats
    • Near New Auto Center (355 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Berea, KY / 355 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP1N1220507
    Stock: 220507
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-01-2024

    • 32,321 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats
    • Classic Cars Of Palm Beach (480 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Jupiter, FL / 480 miles away from Columbus, GA

    NO DEALER FEES!NO COMMISSIONED SALES PEOPLEREMOTE DELIVERY AVAILABLEPrices do not include tax, tag, title or registration fees. Additional fees includ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFP7N1252457
    Stock: 5920
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,998
    fair price
    $906 below market
    • 45,631 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 2 Seats
    • Walt Sweeney Ford (460 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 460 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Certified Pre-Owned 2020 Chevrolet Express 2500 Cargo Van - Low Miles, Perfect Work Van at Walt Sweeney Ford Looking for a reliable and well-maintai...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCWGAFG0L1266388
    Stock: L1266388
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 1,275 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Express Cargo

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Express Cargo
Overall Consumer Rating
3.5 out of 5 stars30 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 30 reviews
  • 5 star
    (33%)
  • 4 star
    (27%)
  • 3 star
    (20%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (13%)
4.5 out of 5 stars

WOW

wow 360K, 12/17/2009
2005 Chevrolet Express Cargo 2500 Rwd 3dr Ext Van (4.8L 8cyl 4A)
All I can say is 360K with no troubles. Engine/ trans /brakes/ electrical all exceptionally reliable. I am religious about maintenance and clean fluids which I believe has paid off. Drives great and very comfortable with seat mounted arm rests and cruise. I would consider no other after the service this vehicle has given me. This vehicle is a 2500, 4.8, 480el, semi floating 8 bolt … axle, extended wheel base. It is worked everyday hauling hardwood flooring.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Chevrolet Express Cargo in Columbus, GA Values

Estimated values
2022 Chevrolet Express Cargo 2500 3dr Ext Van (4.3L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$18,167$21,496$24,983
Clean$17,849$21,090$24,477
Average$17,320$20,414$23,633
Rough$16,631$19,534$22,537

The average list price of a used 2022 Chevrolet Express Cargo in Columbus, Georgia is $26,671. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Express Cargo 2022 for sale in Columbus, Georgia is 60,702. Based on the average mileage of 60,702 for used 2022 Chevrolet Express Cargo for sale in Columbus, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Express Cargo 2022 in Columbus, Georgia to be $17,320.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.