Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
553 listings
  • $19,791
    good price
    $866 below market
    • 68,767 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Coral Springs, FL / 874 miles away from Manassas, VA

    High Demand,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACYXK0314759
    Stock: TDK0314759
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $26,998
    fair price
    $232 below market
    • 25,692 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Modesto, CA / 2,344 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCADY0K0328202
    Stock: 26963706
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 59,250 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,200 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY2P0642970
    Stock: 8DQQBJ
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2025

  • Know your buying power

    Shop smarter by knowing your car’s value.

    Appraise my car
  • $31,995
    fair price
    $69 below market
    • 21,177 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Jennings Chevrolet Buick GMC (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chambersburg, PA / 84 miles away from Manassas, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY7P0633287
    Stock: C14711A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2025

  • $28,400
    good price
    $1,176 below market
    • 49,642 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Steven Kia (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Harrisonburg, VA / 84 miles away from Manassas, VA

    2023 Mazda CX-9 Carbon Edition Premium Style, 3rd Row Space, and AWD Capability Just in! This 2023 Mazda CX-9 Carbon Edition offers an upscale driving...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY0P0638623
    Stock: PK4327
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • $26,736
    fair price
    $258 below market
    • 54,504 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Anderson Honda (66 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cockeysville, MD / 66 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Deep Crystal Blue Mica exterior and Black interior. Heated Leather Seats, Third Row Seat, Nav System, Moonroof, Aluminum Wheels, Turbo Charged Engine,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY6P0632633
    Stock: H7870
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • New Listing
    $26,999
    fair price
    $549 below market
    • 52,060 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Newport News, VA / 125 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY2P0639180
    Stock: 8DPSVM
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $25,650
    fair price
    $600 below market
    • 47,860 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Keene Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jarrettsville, MD / 78 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Snowflake White Pearl Mica AWD 6-Speed Automatic 2.5L 4-Cylinder 4 BRAND NEW TIRES.20/26 City/Highway MPGAll pricin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY1P0652807
    Stock: P3662A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • $24,998
    good price
    $1,064 below market
    • 54,075 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salisbury, MD / 103 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY2P0651181
    Stock: 27058740
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $26,139
    good price
    $1,514 below market
    • 50,718 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • RubyCar - Las Vegas (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 2,063 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! RubyCar by Avis is a national online retailer that allows you to shop thousands of high-quality, single-owner ve...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAYXP0658057
    Stock: 98666061
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-19-2025

  • $27,500
    fair price
    $613 below market
    • 65,849 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 380 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY2P0630281
    Stock: P0630281P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 35,003 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,157 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY5P0658755
    Stock: 2003526243
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-18-2025

  • $29,998
    fair price
    $163 above market
    • 34,187 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 524 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY3P0639527
    Stock: 27186749
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $29,433
    fair price
    $128 below market
    • 27,005 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Younger Toyota (61 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hagerstown, MD / 61 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Recent Arrival!2023 Mazda CX-9 Touring Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2.5L 4-Cylinder AWDAWD.CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 3189 miles below ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY2P0647020
    Stock: 7796300
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-10-2024

  • $27,150
    good price
    $1,594 below market
    • 56,132 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Antwerpen Toyota (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Clarksville, MD / 42 miles away from Manassas, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY4P0630797
    Stock: 1736PR
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-25-2025

  • $35,998
    fair price
    $844 above market
    • 6,764 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oceanside, CA / 2,244 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY4P0633201
    Stock: 27319046
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $28,999
    fair price
    $221 below market
    • 40,007 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Concord, CA / 2,394 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY5P0645619
    Stock: 8DWLVD
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 8,360 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from Lynchburg, VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lynchburg, VA / 137 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY4P0631433
    Stock: 27158533
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $27,488
    good price
    $977 below market
    • 51,488 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Fitzgerald Toyota Chambersburg (83 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chambersburg, PA / 83 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Come by today and take it for a test drive! We've got the car, truck, SUV, hybrid, 2 or 4 wheel drive for everyone! From the fixer-upper to almost new...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY1P0631888
    Stock: JR31888
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-31-2024

  • New Listing
    $29,998
    fair price
    $42 above market
    • 39,198 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IN to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 470 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY3P0644884
    Stock: 26949086
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 50,309 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 1,694 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY9P0642528
    Stock: 8DQPPN
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-20-2025

Showing 316 - 336 out of 553 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-9

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-9
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars36 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 36 reviews
  • 5 star
    (69%)
  • 4 star
    (6%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (8%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

2021 Mazda CX-9 has all the room and luxury

KHix, 10/30/2020
2021 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A)
If you are looking for a lot of room, but not really looking for a vehicle to go 4 wheeling and towing a boat with, then the CX-9 is the car for you. We have had the car for a month now and talked to several previous owners of the CX-9 and they all recommend this car. We love all the options and the room. We opted for the Grand Touring, not the Signature because we didn't want the … console between the captains chairs in the 2nd row. We prefer the walk through. But we didn't lose any other options except for the Napa Leather....which is nice but the regular leather is nice as well. For that reason we couldn't see spending an extra 5K on the Signature version.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Mazda CX-9 in Manassas, VA Values

Estimated values
2019 Mazda CX-9 Touring 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$18,587$20,715$22,609
Clean$18,020$20,079$21,908
Average$17,077$19,017$20,740
Rough$15,849$17,638$19,221

The average list price of a used 2019 Mazda CX-9 in Manassas, Virginia is $28,160. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-9 2019 for sale in Manassas, Virginia is 42,764. Based on the average mileage of 42,764 for used 2019 Mazda CX-9 for sale in Manassas, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-9 2019 in Manassas, Virginia to be $17,077.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.