Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
6,430 listings
  • New Listing
    • 21,830 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Louisville (217 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 217 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM5N0552268
    Stock: 27392970
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 38,749 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Napleton's Oak Lawn Mazda (400 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oak Lawn, IL / 400 miles away from Charleston, WV

    24/30 City/Highway MPGMazda Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Transferable Warranty * Powertrain Limited Warranty: 84 Month/100,000 Mile (whicheve...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM0N1596267
    Stock: OMP10026
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • $24,499
    fair price
    $124 above market
    • 63,715 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Faulkner Mazda Trevose (373 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Trevose, PA / 373 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CARFAX One-Owner. Certified. Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Premium Package AWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM8N1567789
    Stock: N1567789A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

    • 19,400 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Brunswick Mazda (197 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brunswick, OH / 197 miles away from Charleston, WV

    PREVIEW Deep Crystal Blue Mica exterior and Black interior. CARFAX 1-Owner, LOW MILES - 19,393! FUEL EFFICIENT 27 MPG Hwy/22 MPG City! Sunroof, Heated...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAY7N0606255
    Stock: D250976A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • New Listing
    • 18,806 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Langhorne (379 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Langhorne, PA / 379 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM6N1543278
    Stock: 26469165
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 25,996 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Towson (276 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Towson, MD / 276 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CARFAX One-Owner. 2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 Turbo Signature Jet Black Mica AWD 6-Speed Automatic 2.5L I4---VERY WELL EQUIPPED---, ---FREE CARWASHES---, 10 S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBXY6N0595949
    Stock: BT1659
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

    • 24,866 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Greenville (251 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Greenville, SC / 251 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM2N0607095
    Stock: 27250627
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 33,991 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Auction Direct USA (235 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 235 miles away from Charleston, WV

    The 2020 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring is a compact crossover that combines sporty handling with upscale features. Powered by a 2.5-liter 4-cylinder engine...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM6L0823804
    Stock: AD00897
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 28,826 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Cleveland (213 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 213 miles away from Charleston, WV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCMXL0863207
    Stock: 2003822542
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 19,500 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • North Coast Mitsubishi - West Cleveland (209 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 209 miles away from Charleston, WV

    2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Premium Plus Package Machine Gray Metallic 4D Sport Utility SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16VLane keep assist, Lane departure...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM5N1593958
    Stock: 593958F01
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 25,597 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Bob Mills Chevrolet (300 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Darlington, SC / 300 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S AWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V 4 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 4.624 Axle ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAM7N0603000
    Stock: CU1804
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

    • 7,560 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Vision Hyundai of Webster (395 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Webster, NY / 395 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM9L1769989
    Stock: P2281HW
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-18-2022

    • 27,236 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Bright Bay Mazda (471 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bay Shore, NY / 471 miles away from Charleston, WV

    MAZDA CERTIFIED INSPECTED!... .unlike many other dealers, WE HAVE NO HIDDEN DOWN PAYMENTS!.. Luxury meets performance in this well-equipped ONE owner ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM5N0619465
    Stock: 5MU9321
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 26,160 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Capital Boulevard (240 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 240 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAY6L0831800
    Stock: 27123374
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 23,425 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Frederick (243 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 243 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBXY4N0551514
    Stock: 27256273
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 88,019 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • RightDrive Auto - Muncie (238 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Muncie, IN / 238 miles away from Charleston, WV

    24/30 City/Highway MPGJet Black Mica 2020 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring AWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM3L1734332
    Stock: RM734332
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • $23,950
    fair price
    $138 above market
    • 64,712 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Dean Team Hyundai (484 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ballwin, MO / 484 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM5N1553236
    Stock: 16228A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 21,730 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Lithia Springs (360 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 360 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM4N0596453
    Stock: 27342900
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 25,678 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Vision Hyundai of Rochester (385 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Rochester, NY / 385 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Recent Arrival! Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.**VISION HYUNDAI HENRIETTA**.Machine Gray Metallic 2022 Mazda CX-5...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCMXN0648669
    Stock: HP10691
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

    • 25,470 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax South Boulevard (231 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pineville, NC / 231 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM2N1579437
    Stock: 27314615
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 24,678 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Laurel (261 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 261 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAY8N0534143
    Stock: 27379011
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 631 - 651 out of 6,430 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-5

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars114 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 114 reviews
  • 5 star
    (70%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

2021 CX5 GTR

Arkansas GTR owner, 07/20/2021
2021 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring Reserve 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A)
I moved up, way up, from a 2013 GMC Terrain. The CX5 GTR is great! The power is fantastic, the ride is soooo much smoother , and the build quality is in a different universe from the GMC. The CX5 is very quiet, the Bose sound system superb, and the turbo flat out hauls a..... I looked at RAV4, CRV, ENVISION, Santa Fe, and RDX. The RDX was the only one even close, but was way more … expensive.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Mazda CX-5 in Charleston, WV Values

Estimated values
2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Preferred 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$22,617$24,363$26,192
Clean$22,215$23,889$25,639
Average$21,546$23,100$24,716
Rough$20,677$22,073$23,517

The average list price of a used 2022 Mazda CX-5 in Charleston, West Virginia is $26,744. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-5 2022 for sale in Charleston, West Virginia is 31,235. Based on the average mileage of 31,235 for used 2022 Mazda CX-5 for sale in Charleston, WV and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-5 2022 in Charleston, West Virginia to be $21,546.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.