Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
636 listings

$0
Porsche Cayenne rebates in 06532
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • Photos not available
    • 3,069 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Manhattan Motorcars (68 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in New York, NY / 68 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AL2AY8RDA35949
    Stock: 242068
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 83,792 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Alliance Motor Group (132 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Middleton, MA / 132 miles away from New Haven, CT

    3.6L V6 engine,8-speed automatic transmission,All-wheel drive,19-inch alloy wheels,Xenon headlights,Foglights,Navigation,Bose Premium Sound,Sirius rad...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A26GLA93365
    Stock: GLA93365
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 72,250 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Tuckahoe Autoland (55 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Yonkers, NY / 55 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A29GLA75534
    Stock: T699
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 40,065 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,193 miles away from New Haven, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A25GLA96399
    Stock: 2003668857
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

    • 108,149 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • New Hope Auto Sales (126 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in New Hope, PA / 126 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Here we have a beautiful running and driving Porsche Cayenne with a turbo diesel 3.0L V6 putting power to all four wheels via a smooth shifting automa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A23GKA44618
    Stock: 4618
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 41,216 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to CT*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Roseville, CA / 2,530 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A26GKA15144
    Stock: 27143037
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 18,936 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Greenwich INFINITI (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Greenwich, CT / 42 miles away from New Haven, CT

    2024 Porsche Cayenne Base CARFAX One-Owner.Black Black w/Leather Seat Trim w/Leather Interior, Adaptive Cruise Control, Ambient Lighting, BOSE Surroun...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY2RDA10180
    Stock: E2L0054
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

    • 55,071 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to CT*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Littleton, CO / 1,680 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A26GLA92636
    Stock: 26857171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 101,716 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Porsche Conshohocken (150 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Conshohocken, PA / 150 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A28GLA93903
    Stock: PS328B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $87,984
    great price
    $15,245 below market
    • 3,646 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Porsche Conshohocken (150 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Conshohocken, PA / 150 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Certified. Chromite Black Metallic 2025 Porsche Cayenne AWD 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic 3.0L V6 CALL US DIRECTLY AT 6**-2**-4***, PORSCHE CERTIFI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY2SDA00268
    Stock: PS024L
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-06-2025

    • 67,696 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Northport Motors (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Huntington Station, NY / 42 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A25GLA78138
    Stock: A78138
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 97,412 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • North Coast Subaru (48 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Glen Cove, NY / 48 miles away from New Haven, CT

    2016 Porsche Cayenne BasePriced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!CLEAN AUTOCHECK, ONE OWNER, REAR VIEW CAMERA, LEATHER SEATING, MOONROOF, NAVIGATION, BLI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A20GLA09270
    Stock: U5822A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 133,811 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • EZ Auto Care (126 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wakefield, MA / 126 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A26GLA71506
    Stock: 71506
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    • 26,724 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Mastria Kia (107 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Raynham, MA / 107 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A21GLA10010
    Stock: PK2337
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-23-2025

  • $95,985
    good price
    $13,627 below market
    • 4,708 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • M Auto Group (82 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Elizabeth, NJ / 82 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY7SDA02792
    Stock: A02792
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $92,500
    good price
    $12,997 below market
    • 7,164 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Porsche Lehigh Valley (144 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Allentown, PA / 144 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY6SDA00080
    Stock: L00618
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $86,983
    good price
    $11,938 below market
    • 6,558 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Porsche Conshohocken (150 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Conshohocken, PA / 150 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Certified. Carrara White Metallic 2025 Porsche Cayenne AWD 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic 3.0L V6 CALL US DIRECTLY AT 6**-2**-4***, PORSCHE CERTIFIE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AYXSDA00437
    Stock: PS044L
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-29-2024

  • $24,995
    great price
    $3,710 below market
    • 83,061 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Zoom Auto Group (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Parsippany, NJ / 84 miles away from New Haven, CT

    More photos of the vehicle @ www.ZoomAutoUSA.com . Browse / Inquire / Purchase 24/7 with a simple click of a button. Need Assistance? Call Zoom @ 9...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A20FLA41894
    Stock: ZO-A41894
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-22-2024

  • Stock photo**
    $118,165
    good price
    $18,524 below market
    • 4,530 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Manhattan Motorcars (68 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in New York, NY / 68 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Quartzite Grey Metallic 2025 Porsche Cayenne E-Hybrid AWD 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic 3.0L V6 Plug-In Hybrid Turbocharged

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AE2AY0SDA16179
    Stock: 251075
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-07-2025

  • New Listing
    $34,990
    good price
    $4,685 below market
    • 53,339 miles
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 600 miles away from New Haven, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AC2A27FLA82872
    Stock: 2003588485
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    $15,888
    good price
    $1,767 below market
    • 147,055 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Tasca Mazda (89 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Seekonk, MA / 89 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A23FLA35488
    Stock: Z4385B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-05-2024

Showing 505 - 525 out of 636 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Porsche Cayenne

Read recent reviews for the Porsche Cayenne
Overall Consumer Rating
3.5 out of 5 stars34 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 34 reviews
  • 5 star
    (38%)
  • 4 star
    (21%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (21%)
3 out of 5 stars

2019 Cayenne Hybird, so close, yet so far away...

PorscheFanGuy, 12/09/2019
2019 Porsche Cayenne E-Hybrid 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric hybrid 8A)
This is my third Porsche. My other two cars right now are a 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee Overland Diesel and a 981 Boxster S (manual). The car was leased new and has around 600 miles on it so these are initial impressions. Lets address the pros first. The car is very fast and handles exceptionally well. When is Sport or Sport + the car accelerates faster than my Boxster S (or at least … feels that way) and handles the curves superbly well. The seats are comfortable and there is a lot of room in the back seat. The battery gives you about 20 miles of range on fully electric which is speedy enough to get you around short errands easily. Now for the cons. First, my vehicle had an MSRP of around $91K so pretty basic trim. Premium package plus the ventilated seats. But this is still $91K! I compare that against what I got in my Jeep Grand Cherokee (~$45K) and the value is simply not there (even for a Porsche). Second, the are some pretty bad fit and finish quality issues. The paint is a joke and will scratch and get holes it in as if it were Play Doh. It also has an area where it looks like the paint dripped. How this got through quality control in Bratislava is concerning. I've toured the factory in Stuttgart and it wouldn't have gotten through those guys. I had to get ceramic coating because the paint is so bad and its a lease! There are also panels inside the car that do not align well (e.g., A pillar). Finally, I hear rattles with certain radio songs (at moderate volume) and it just doesn't seem as well put together as the JGC when going over bumps which is nuts to say about a Porsche. Third, with the government subsidy the e-hybrid is the one to get over the S but if I were buying and not leasing I'd get the base. The hybrid tech is truly amazing (good job to the engineers), its hard to tell when the vehicle goes from electric to gas. However, if I were planning on owning (as opposed to leasing) I'd worry long-term about the impact of the hybrid drive and power train on the engine. The car needs to engage the ICE engine at any time (even if cold) and it will constantly need to go back and forth which is a lot for any engine to handle. The range of 20 very limiting and once its over, you don't have the speed anymore (just the weight). Overall, if you want an electric car, get a Tesla Porsche is just not there yet and the uncertainty of long-term residuals is too much to buy vs. lease. Plus the tech is changing at an exponential rate. Fourth: Porsche, please go pick up a 2014-2019 Jeep Grand Cherokee and make it a required course for the folks who design your ergonomics. I've had Jeep, Toyota, Nissan, MB, and other Porsches and this is the worst ergonomic design I've ever seen. Simple things like being able to select previous track on the steering wheel, hang grocery bags in the back seats (or rear), and ability to easily control music are impossible in the new Cayenne. The controls look great but I think this car is a step back in this respect relative to the previous generation. Fifth: The Bose Stereo system is not great. I have a lot of Bose products (e.g., headphones, speakers, stereo in Boxster) and this one is just not as good. It sounds only slightly better than the system in my JGC. I've tried every setting combination, multiple different sources, and even Tidal which streams at more than CD quality. Its just not a great system. Having owned a couple of other Porsches, this doesn't feel of the same quality. Frankly it doesn't feel special. I think they need to bring the production back to Germany ASAP. Will report back after a few months.
Report abuse

Used 2024 Porsche Cayenne in New Haven, CT Values

Estimated values
2024 Porsche Cayenne S 4dr SUV AWD (4.0L 8cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$56,318$59,490$63,352
Clean$55,788$58,874$62,637
Average$54,906$57,849$61,446
Rough$53,759$56,515$59,896

The average list price of a used 2024 Porsche Cayenne in New Haven, Connecticut is $52,629. The average mileage on a used Porsche Cayenne 2024 for sale in New Haven, Connecticut is 55,237. Based on the average mileage of 55,237 for used 2024 Porsche Cayenne for sale in New Haven, CT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Porsche Cayenne 2024 in New Haven, Connecticut to be $54,906.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.