Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
472 listings
    • 54,750 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Lexington (190 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 190 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    Certified. CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 2024 AWARD OF EXCELLENCE INFINITI dealer..2024 AWARD OF EXCELLENCE INFINITI dealer.INFINITI Certified Pre-O...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE6N9290977
    Stock: QP2832
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

    • 73,020 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 675 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BF9N9741908
    Stock: N9741908P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 41,898 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Franklin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (23 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 23 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE8N9290199
    Stock: P6026
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 46,300 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • ZMotors (90 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 90 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF8N9740928
    Stock: 740928
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $90,688
    great price
    $6,871 below market
    • 10,970 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Harper INFINITI (131 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 131 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Black Interior Lighting Package, INFINITI Radiant Black Cargo Scuff Plates, Navigation system: Google Built-in, Panora...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ3CC4S9602629
    Stock: 63197
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 30,096 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Grand Motorcars Kennesaw (164 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 164 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    Vehicle Overview Cargo Package, Console Net, First-Aid Kit, High-Density Non-Slip Rear Cargo Carpet, Navigation system: INFINITI InTouch Navigation, N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE8N9290057
    Stock: N9290057
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 37,370 miles
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Town Center (164 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 164 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE2R9327741
    Stock: 27412672
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 73,363 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,459 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BF5N9741534
    Stock: 2003646005
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

    • 64,688 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Commonwealth Dodge Ram (167 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 167 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF1N9742214
    Stock: UC67950
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 44,801 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Toyota South (180 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, KY / 180 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    2022 INFINITI QX80 LUXE Champagne Quartz LUXE 4WD 7-Speed Automatic 5.6L V8**3RD ROW SEATING**, **NAVIGATION**, **APPLE CARPLAY**, **ANDROID AUTO**, N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE3N9291469
    Stock: 291469
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

  • $39,259
    good price
    $4,811 below market
    • 40,427 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Freeland Chevrolet (20 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Antioch, TN / 20 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    At Freeland Chevrolet Superstore we want you to know that all our vehicles are priced at a competitive value position to the market. We do this simply...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AFXP9756759
    Stock: U3108
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

  • New Listing
    $40,990
    great price
    $5,855 below market
    • 27,554 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,459 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AFXP9757023
    Stock: 2003676978
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • $77,988
    good price
    $3,701 below market
    • 1,574 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Louisville INFINITI (173 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 173 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    2025 INFINITI QX80 LUXE INFINITI Certified Pre-Owned Details: * 167 Point Inspection * Roadside Assistance * Limited Warranty: 72 Month/Unlimited M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ3BBXS9403366
    Stock: 250157A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • $40,770
    fair price
    $2,982 below market
    • 46,877 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Cool Springs (22 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 22 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    Certified. Hermosa Blue 2023 INFINITI QX80 LUXE RWD 7-Speed Automatic 5.6L V8 Auto High-beam Headlights, Auto tilt-away steering wheel, Automatic temp...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF2P9757002
    Stock: P9060
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $50,486
    good price
    $3,103 below market
    • 30,840 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Roswell INFINITI of North Atlanta (171 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 171 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    4WD, Sensory Trim! Navigation, Bluetooth, Dual Rear Entertainment System, Apple Car Play, Android Auto, Sunroof / Moonroof, Around View Camera, Premiu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE5P9301369
    Stock: R2247
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-10-2025

  • New Listing
    $40,990
    great price
    $2,884 below market
    • 33,767 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 344 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE8P9302937
    Stock: 2003683495
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $41,590
    good price
    $2,387 below market
    • 34,770 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,599 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE2P9303176
    Stock: 2003588761
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • $82,978
    fair price
    $1,310 below market
    • 7,129 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Louisville INFINITI (173 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 173 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    2025 INFINITI QX80 SENSORY INFINITI Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Transferable Warranty * Vehicle History * Warranty Deductible: $0 * Limited War...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ3DB5S9401442
    Stock: P401442
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • $82,999
    fair price
    $1,263 below market
    • 7,184 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Louisville INFINITI (173 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 173 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    2025 INFINITI QX80 SENSORY INFINITI Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Limited Warranty: 72 Month/Unlimited Mile from original in-service date * 167 Poi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ3DB0S9401574
    Stock: P401574
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $52,854
    fair price
    $1,358 below market
    • 8,943 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Springfield, VA / 548 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heated Seat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE2P9303629
    Stock: 24748P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $48,400
    fair price
    $2,106 below market
    • 31,494 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Chattanooga (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 91 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 2023 INFINITI QX80 Premium Select 4WD QX80 Premium Select, 5.6L V8, 7-Speed Automatic, 4WD, truffle brown Leather, All...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AEXP9302857
    Stock: IP2214A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

Showing 316 - 336 out of 472 listings

Consumer Reviews for the INFINITI QX80

Read recent reviews for the INFINITI QX80
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars35 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 35 reviews
  • 5 star
    (51%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (14%)
  • 1 star
    (9%)
4 out of 5 stars

Infiniti Luv

Nellz, 12/17/2017
2015 INFINITI QX80 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A)
Due to thid type of engine it needs a oil change every 5k miles which can be inconvienent. Gas gussler but what SUV is not. Wonderful car inside and out. Very perfect for a family of 4. We have 2 kids in carseats and this is the perfect size SUV
Report abuse

Used 2022 INFINITI QX80 in Murfreesboro, TN Values

Estimated values
2022 INFINITI QX80 LUXE 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$37,605$39,438$41,349
Clean$37,104$38,892$40,755
Average$36,269$37,982$39,764
Rough$35,183$36,798$38,476

The average list price of a used 2022 INFINITI QX80 in Murfreesboro, Tennessee is $52,290. The average mileage on a used INFINITI QX80 2022 for sale in Murfreesboro, Tennessee is 35,610. Based on the average mileage of 35,610 for used 2022 INFINITI QX80 for sale in Murfreesboro, TN and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used INFINITI QX80 2022 in Murfreesboro, Tennessee to be $36,269.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.