Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
85 listings

$0
BMW i3 rebates in 94039
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • New Listing
    $11,790
    fair price
    $53 above market
    • 52,340 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 63 - 68 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Carvana - Sacramento (82 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 82 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z2C56GV556452
    Stock: 2003502388
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-26-2025

  • $8,497
    good price
    $1,755 below market
    • 52,888 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 59 - 64 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • San Jose Mitsubishi (8 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in San Jose, CA / 8 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    Prices do not include government fees and taxes, any finance charges, dealer document processing charges, electronic filing charges, and/or any emissi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z2C50FV555327
    Stock: 12330
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

    • 50,918 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • San Leandro Hyundai (22 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in San Leandro, CA / 22 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    Prices do not include government fees and taxes, any finance charges, dealer document processing charges, electronic filing charges, and/or any emissi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z8C57HV551510
    Stock: 1753
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 29,619 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • Stevens Creek Hyundai (7 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Santa Clara, CA / 7 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    This DGDG Value 2017 BMW i3 94Ah w/Range Extender with 29,619 miles was inspected and reconditioned by our service team. Reconditioned items on this i...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z8C3XHV890440
    Stock: USH837A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    $11,998
    fair price
    $804 above market
    • 38,780 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 59 - 64 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • CarMax Pleasanton (24 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Pleasanton, CA / 24 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z2C54FV555301
    Stock: 26335645
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 58,578 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • Carvana - Sacramento (82 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 82 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z8C34HV895021
    Stock: 2003714077
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 39,038 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 87 - 92 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Carvana - Sacramento (82 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 82 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z6C58HV547907
    Stock: 2003613490
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 42,331 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 100 - 105 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Carvana - Sacramento (82 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 82 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z6C38HV548764
    Stock: 2003509627
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 43,019 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • CarMax Sacramento South (82 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 82 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z8C39HV893202
    Stock: 27211563
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 59,511 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 72 mi est. electric range
    • 41 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Sacramento (82 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 82 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    39 Combined MPG (41 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z4C5XFV504056
    Stock: 2003711612
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 62,731 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 100 - 105 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Carvana - Sacramento (82 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 82 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z6C50HV547853
    Stock: 2003491044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 59,060 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 41 - 46 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • CarMax Sacramento South (82 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 82 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z2C58FV287191
    Stock: 26555798
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $17,991
    good price
    $976 below market
    • 51,510 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 102 - 107 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • BMW of Mountain View (1 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mountain View, CA / 1 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new pair of tires! Technology & Driving Assistant PackageMega WorldMoonroofHarman/K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY7Z6C52JVB96978
    Stock: JVB96978
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $14,290
    fair price
    $104 above market
    • 74,044 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 104 - 109 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Carvana - Sacramento (82 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 82 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY7Z2C53JVE64994
    Stock: 2003368891
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 59,190 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 2,509 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z4C57GV505277
    Stock: 2003406330
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-07-2025

    • 33,575 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to CA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Spokane Valley, WA / 749 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z4C58GV508494
    Stock: 26708171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 54,692 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 63 - 68 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to CA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 2,402 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z2C58GV556792
    Stock: 26909104
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 44,626 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Brandywine, MD / 2,436 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z4C59GV506009
    Stock: 26997195
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 53,479 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to CA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 727 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z4C54GV505849
    Stock: 26638981
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 63,745 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Renton, WA / 694 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z4C51GV505632
    Stock: 26842781
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 61,499 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 63 - 68 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MN to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Brooklyn Park, MN / 1,573 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBY1Z2C57GV556976
    Stock: 27015517
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 85 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW i3

Read recent reviews for the BMW i3
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars38 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 38 reviews
  • 5 star
    (74%)
  • 4 star
    (18%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
4 out of 5 stars

Sold the V12 Mercedes to go electric

Michael Chard, 11/16/2015
2015 BMW i3 4dr Hatchback w/Range Extender (0.6L 2cyl gas/electric plug-in hybrid DD)
I hesitantly sold my Mercedes CL600 and decided to lease the i3 REx to replace it. I am not a tree hugger but I am a technology geek and the i3 has some fantastic technology built in. My first impression of the i3 was that this is one ugly car and I did not like the look of the pizza cutter tires. However, after driving it for several weeks, not only have the looks grown on me (as … well as the 20 inch skinny tires), but i find it the car extremely enjoyable to drive. In fact, it is so enjoyable that my wife prefers the drive to her Range Rover Sport and is constantly asking me to leave it at home so she can drive it. The off-the-line acceleration is fantastic, which has helped alleviate the sorrow of losing my V12 gasoline engine. The interior room for the front occupants is extremely roomy (I am 6'1" with a large frame). For a sub-compact car, this feels roomier than most other much larger cars. The user interface took a while to learn, but now that I am familiar with it, I am very impressed. The entertainment options are endless, especially when I connect my iPhone and use all of the music, streaming and pod cast services. I use the car primarily to commute to work, 36 miles round trip. I am also able to charge the car at work. For commuting, the car is ideal. I do have the range extender, but I have never actually used it as I have good charging options between work and home but it does take range anxiety out of the equation. If I had to pick anything that I don't like, it is the placement of the electrical charging port, which is located on the back, passenger side of the car. This requires me to get the charging cable and walk around to the other side. While this is clearly a first-world problem, it would have been much easier to locate the charging port close to the driver's door. The materials inside are excellent and I especially like the wood in the dash. I leased the vehicle because I am not yet comfortable with the residual value of an EV, but given the subsidies available, and the fact that I no longer buy gasoline, this is a very economical vehicle to operate. Overall, I was just looking for a very different car experience from buying another internal combustion car. The experience so far is highly recommended.
Report abuse

Used 2016 BMW i3 in Mountain View, CA Values

Estimated values
2016 BMW i3 4dr Hatchback (electric DD) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$9,158$13,084$15,858
Clean$8,832$12,596$15,242
Average$8,289$11,785$14,214
Rough$7,583$10,729$12,879

The average list price of a used 2016 BMW i3 in Mountain View, California is $13,580. The average mileage on a used BMW i3 2016 for sale in Mountain View, California is 51,675. Based on the average mileage of 51,675 for used 2016 BMW i3 for sale in Mountain View, CA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW i3 2016 in Mountain View, California to be $8,289.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.