Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
652 listings
    • 67,205 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Charlie Clark Nissan (31 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Harlingen, TX / 31 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Graphite Shadow 2021 INFINITI QX80 Sensory RWD 7-Speed Automatic 5.6L V8 ORALEEE!!!|Graphite shadow|Saddle brown, semi-aniline leather appointed seats...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BF9M9721382
    Stock: PH403746A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

    • 56,148 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Crest INFINITI (483 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Frisco, TX / 483 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Certified. INFINITI Details: * Eligible on Non-INFINITI Vehicles Up to 10 Years Old From New Warranty Start Date and Fewer than 100,000 Miles. 1 Prepa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BF2M9715407
    Stock: 76305
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 01-14-2025

    • 42,027 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Autos of Dallas - Plano (479 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 479 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Navigation, Back-Up Camera, Sun Roof, Heated Seats, Keyless Go, Blind Spot Monitor, 20IN Wheels, 3rd Row Seats, Rear Spoiler, Engine Immobilizer, Runn...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AFXP9756020
    Stock: 756020
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-21-2024

    • 43,142 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Avis Car Sales Irving (465 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 465 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Certified. Alloy Wheels, Apple/Google Car Play, Backup Camera, Bluetooth, Buy with Confidence! AVIS CERTIFIED 170 Point Inspection!, Extra Clean!, Fre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AC7P9490574
    Stock: 51673602
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-10-2025

    • 50,809 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Avis Car Sales Irving (465 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 465 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Certified. Alloy Wheels, Apple/Google Car Play, Backup Camera, Bluetooth, Buy with Confidence! AVIS CERTIFIED 170 Point Inspection!, Extra Clean!, Fre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF7P9756587
    Stock: 51638451
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-30-2025

    • 44,960 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Avis Car Sales San Antonio (232 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Live Oak, TX / 232 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Certified. Buy with Confidence! AVIS CERTIFIED 170 Point Inspection!, Fresh Oil Change, ONE OWNER VEHICLE!, Apple/Google Car Play, Backup Camera, Blue...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AD4P9875325
    Stock: 51657885
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-17-2025

    • 96,233 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Lifted Trucks (461 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hurst, TX / 461 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Our 2021 INFINITI QX80 LUXE in Moonstone White is here to push your boundaries with its serious capability and sophisticated style! Powered by a 5.6 L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF2M9716445
    Stock: TX03680A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

    • 39,200 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Avis Car Sales Irving (465 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 465 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Certified. Alloy Wheels, Apple/Google Car Play, Backup Camera, Bluetooth, Buy with Confidence! AVIS CERTIFIED 170 Point Inspection!, Extra Clean!, Fre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF5P9756734
    Stock: 51638462
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

    • 77,612 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Georgetown INFINITI (307 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Georgetown, TX / 307 miles away from McAllen, TX

    QX80 Navigation system: INFINITI InTouch Navigation. Black ObsidianCertified.INFINITI Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Limited Warranty: 72 Month/Unlimi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF8M9721424
    Stock: G10708B
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $39,990
    good price
    $2,039 below market
    • 36,924 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boston, MA / 1,895 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AC4M9476062
    Stock: 2003461729
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-11-2025

    • 43,985 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Autos of Dallas - Plano (479 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 479 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Moonstone White 2023 INFINITI QX80 LUXE NAV,CAM,SUNROOF,HTD STS,BLIND SPOT,3RD ROW RWD 7-Speed Automatic 5.6L V8 ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Compass, El...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AD1P9875170
    Stock: 875170
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-04-2025

    • 41,704 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Avis Car Sales Houston South (300 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 300 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Certified. Apple/Google Car Play, Backup Camera, Bluetooth, Extra Clean!, Fully Detailed, ONE OWNER VEHICLE!, Third Row Seats, LOW NO HAGGLE PRICING!,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF8P9757022
    Stock: 51652274
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

    • 46,862 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Autos of Dallas - Plano (479 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 479 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Anthracite Gray 2023 INFINITI QX80 LUXE NAV,CAM,SUNROOF,HTD STS,BLIND SPOT,3RD ROW RWD 7-Speed Automatic 5.6L V8 ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Compass, El...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF1P9757508
    Stock: 757508
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-05-2025

    • 46,845 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Autos of Dallas - Plano (479 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 479 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Navigation, Back-Up Camera, Sun Roof, Heated Seats, Keyless Go, Blind Spot Monitor, 20IN Wheels, 3rd Row Seats, Rear Spoiler, Engine Immobilizer, Runn...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF5P9755874
    Stock: 755874
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-04-2025

    • 33,809 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • AutoNation Chevrolet North Richland Hills (462 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in North Richland Hills, TX / 462 miles away from McAllen, TX

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: all new tires! Sun/MoonroofLeather Seats[N93] Infiniti Radiant Illuminated Kick Plat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AD2P9875310
    Stock: P9875310
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-07-2025

    • 39,636 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Sewell INFINITI of Houston (315 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 315 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Sewell INFINITI of North Houston proudly offers this Certified Preowned 2021 INFINITI QX80 Rear Wheel Drive. This well-equipped vehicle features the f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BF4M9720950
    Stock: 5339657A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

    • 46,712 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Principle INFINITI of Boerne (248 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Boerne, TX / 248 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Moonstone White 2021 INFINITI QX80 Premium Select One Owner, Clean Carfax, Local Trade, Fresh Trade, Leather Interior, Parking Sensors, Heated Seats, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF0M9718419
    Stock: M9718419A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 43,005 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Autos of Dallas - Plano (479 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 479 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Navigation, Back-Up Camera, Sun Roof, Heated Seats, Keyless Go, Blind Spot Monitor, 20IN Wheels, 3rd Row Seats, Rear Spoiler, Engine Immobilizer, Runn...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AC6P9491179
    Stock: 491179
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

    • 43,280 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Autos of Dallas - Irving (465 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 465 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Hermosa Blue 2023 INFINITI QX80 LUXE NAV,CAM,SUNROOF,HTD STS,BLIND SPOT,3RD ROW RWD 7-Speed Automatic 5.6L V8 ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Compass, Elect...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF8P9756694
    Stock: 756694
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-05-2025

    • 22,575 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Driveway (293 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 293 miles away from McAllen, TX

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lan...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE4P9302787
    Stock: P9302787SL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 49,728 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Avis Car Sales Irving (465 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 465 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Certified. Alloy Wheels, Apple/Google Car Play, Backup Camera, Bluetooth, Buy with Confidence! AVIS CERTIFIED 170 Point Inspection!, Extra Clean!, Fre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF6P9755852
    Stock: 51659790
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-07-2025

Showing 316 - 336 out of 652 listings

Consumer Reviews for the INFINITI QX80

Read recent reviews for the INFINITI QX80
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars22 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 22 reviews
  • 5 star
    (59%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (14%)
4 out of 5 stars

Infiniti Luv

Nellz, 12/17/2017
2015 INFINITI QX80 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A)
Due to thid type of engine it needs a oil change every 5k miles which can be inconvienent. Gas gussler but what SUV is not. Wonderful car inside and out. Very perfect for a family of 4. We have 2 kids in carseats and this is the perfect size SUV
Report abuse

Used 2021 INFINITI QX80 in McAllen, TX Values

Estimated values
2021 INFINITI QX80 SENSORY 4dr SUV (5.6L 8cyl 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$36,477$39,107$41,741
Clean$35,907$38,486$41,068
Average$34,957$37,451$39,945
Rough$33,723$36,106$38,486

The average list price of a used 2021 INFINITI QX80 in McAllen, Texas is $38,855. The average mileage on a used INFINITI QX80 2021 for sale in McAllen, Texas is 48,210. Based on the average mileage of 48,210 for used 2021 INFINITI QX80 for sale in McAllen, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used INFINITI QX80 2021 in McAllen, Texas to be $34,957.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.