Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
827 listings
    • 180,508 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Salvage Reseller West (304 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 304 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    This vehicle is located at Hayward, CA Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn more.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A25ELA97472
    Stock: 43720385
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • $15,490
    good price
    $2,643 below market
    • 98,406 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Hudiburg Ford (276 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wellston, OK / 276 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    4D Sport Utility, 3.6L V6 DI, AWD, White, Leather.CARFAX One-Owner.Odometer is 1620 miles below market average!White 2014 Porsche Cayenne AWD 3...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A21ELA93175
    Stock: FPE7351
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • $18,983
    good price
    $1,794 below market
    • 53,725 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Mills Chevrolet (482 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Davenport, IA / 482 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A25ELA55848
    Stock: P15380
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 99,357 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Dallas Auto Center (289 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, TX / 289 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    2014 PORSCHE CayenneBlack ExteriorBlack Interior99,357 MilesGTS Sport Utility 4D Trim PackageQuad ExhaustNavigationBackup CameraRemote Start SunroofHe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A25ELA72823
    Stock: SA72823
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 94,344 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Porsche Plano (287 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 287 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    Basic PackageBose Audio PackageRearview Camera Including Park AssistWheels: 8.5J X 19" Et 59 Cayenne TurboWalnut Interior Package14-Way Adj Seats...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AE2A24ELA50230
    Stock: ELA50230
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 86,851 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • Jeff Wyler Toyota of Clarksville (438 mi away)
    • Textured Partial Lea...
    • Heated seats
    • Rear backup camera
    • Remote keyless entry
    • Bluetooth/handsfree
    Close

    Located in Clarksville, IN / 438 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A28ELA05285
    Stock: 31T15164
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-19-2025

    • 135,059 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Malcolm Cunningham Chevrolet Northpoint (457 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Alpharetta, GA / 457 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AC2A29ELA80121
    Stock: 130076A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

  • New Listing
    • 162,151 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Salvage Reseller West (304 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 304 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    This vehicle is located at Oklahoma City, OK Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A21ELA47282
    Stock: 52971405
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 133,639 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Roger Beasley Mazda South (447 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 447 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    Clean CARFAX. White 2015 Porsche Cayenne S AWD 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic 3.6L V6Need Financing? We have competitive financing terms availabl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A27FLA56162
    Stock: G2678D
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $18,991
    fair price
    $126 below market
    • 102,703 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • BMW of Louisville (444 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 444 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    2015 Porsche Cayenne S Black Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.Black w/Smooth-Finish Leather Seat Trim, 14-Way Power Seats w/Memory Packa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A27FLA57926
    Stock: 9Z75075A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

    • 95,670 miles
    • Rebuilt vehicle reported, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Automay Car Sales (306 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 306 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    Rebuilt Title! Turbo Cayenne! 95k Miles!Financing and the Full CARFAX available on automaycarsales.comBRING YOUR TRADE AND DRIVE OFF IN A PORSCHERuns ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AC2A26DLA91883
    Stock: 26370135
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 65,642 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Dean Team Volkswagen Kirkwood (286 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Kirkwood, MO / 286 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    Experience the Dean Team difference! We offer FREE car washes for life and FREE loaner cars in our service department *Certified appraisers available ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A23DLA02955
    Stock: K8411
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $14,595
    great price
    $3,671 below market
    • 77,782 miles
    • 3 accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Lewisburg Motor Company (315 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lewisburg, TN / 315 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    Welcome to Lewisburg Motor Company!Serving car-buyers in the Mid-South, Middle Tennessee, throughout the Southeast, and across the U.S., wherever you'...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A27ELA93990
    Stock: A93990L
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

  • New Listing
    $46,990
    great price
    $7,013 below market
    • 69,515 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Oklahoma City (300 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 300 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AC2A25GLA86694
    Stock: 2003451077
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-14-2025

    • 75,679 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Salvage Reseller West (304 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 304 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    This vehicle is located at Portland, OR Copart yard. Join our online auctions to see its final price. All purchases must take place online at www.salv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A20DLA75577
    Stock: 54573525
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • $14,900
    great price
    $2,724 below market
    • 153,000 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Franklin Motorcars (315 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 315 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A26ELA44717
    Stock: A44717
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $13,495
    good price
    $3,009 below market
    • 103,715 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Hwy 11 Automotive (458 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lenoir City, TN / 458 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    2014 Porsche Cayenne. In good condition. 3.6 L V6 Engine. AWD. Carfax available at hwy11automotive.com *Please confirm vehicle is still available, the...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A22ELA96344
    Stock: A96344
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-22-2024

    • 51,709 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • BMW of Dallas (293 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 293 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    Premium Package PlusInfotainment Bose Package W/HD Radio18-Way Adaptive Sport Seats W/Memory PackageBose Surround Sound SystemLane Change Assist (...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A24GLA71293
    Stock: GLA71293
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

    • 84,579 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Moda Cars (284 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 284 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A29ELA05506
    Stock: A05506
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-12-2024

    • 97,930 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Double R Car (289 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Addison, TX / 289 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    At Double R Cars, we take pride in selling those "difficult to find" luxury and sports cars, while ensuring that our clients get the absolute best cus...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A20EL101103
    Stock: 101103
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-27-2025

  • $13,999
    good price
    $1,259 below market
    • 156,779 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • GFS Autos (486 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Panama City Beach, FL / 486 miles away from Little Rock, AR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (19 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A26ELA43888
    Stock: A43888
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

;
Showing 1 - 21 out of 827 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Porsche Cayenne

Read recent reviews for the Porsche Cayenne
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars24 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 24 reviews
  • 5 star
    (79%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

An SUV that thinks it's a sports car...

DrBillyD, 12/22/2015
2014 Porsche Cayenne Turbo S 4dr SUV AWD (4.8L 8cyl Turbo 8A)
Previous vehicle was a MB GL550. Cayenne obviously much more sporty. Ride on stock 21" wheels/tires pretty stiff, even with diminished tire pressure. I sprang for 19" winter wheels/tires (Blizzaks) and ride much smoother. Acceleration, braking, handling are all insane--hard to believe you're driving a 2.5 ton SUV. What's not to like? Not much. Rear visibility stinks (but Lane … Change Assist is nice). Ambient interior lighting OK for city but need to turn off on lonely highway at night. Seat memory function on key kind of finicky--need to insert key, wait for seat to adjust, then start, otherwise seat will stop adjusting when you turn ignition. Girlfriend complains about difficulty getting out but when I help her exit I get a nice view, and get to act like a gentleman in the process. Fuel economy stinks, if it's anything like the GL550, it's gonna eat tires every 20K or so and I'm sure repair bills will be breathtaking. If you get a Porsche and then complain about things like that, well, might be time to trade it in. Update: Took a 2000 mile road trip and performed well. Nice cruiser when suspension set to "comfort" mode. On a long highway cruise with speedo set @ 78mph, got 22 MPG. Could use more storage/cupholders in the center console and less switches. Some of the metallic trim on the dash, vent covers, etc. can reflect sunlight and be irritating. Wish the sun visor extended so that when it's moved to cover the driver side window there wasn't a 2" gap that the sun *always* seems to find. Minor issues but other manufacturers have figured out ergonomics. Update: Just turned 30K. Changed spark plugs, cabin & engine air filters, and transfer case fluid myself. Have not had any transfer case issues. Installed secondary cat bypasses... nice sound! Summer tires replaced at about 18K, with Michelin, didn't like OEM PZeroes. No issues & still running like a champ.
Report abuse

Used 2014 Porsche Cayenne in Little Rock, AR Values

Estimated values
2014 Porsche Cayenne Platinum Edition 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$9,425$13,843$16,581
Clean$9,046$13,225$15,769
Average$8,415$12,195$14,415
Rough$7,594$10,856$12,655

The average list price of a used 2014 Porsche Cayenne in Little Rock, Arkansas is $19,061. The average mileage on a used Porsche Cayenne 2014 for sale in Little Rock, Arkansas is 103,750. Based on the average mileage of 103,750 for used 2014 Porsche Cayenne for sale in Little Rock, AR and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Porsche Cayenne 2014 in Little Rock, Arkansas to be $8,415.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.