Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
246 listings
  • New Listing
    • 33,767 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 718 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE8P9302937
    Stock: 2003683495
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

    • 45,420 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Jon Green Family Auto (480 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Milton, WI / 480 miles away from Rutland, ND

    Drive With Confidence! Moonstone White 2023 INFINITI QX80 LUXE 4WD 7-Speed Automatic 5.6L V8 APPLE CARPLAY, ANDROID AUTO, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, AUTOMATIC ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE9P9306060
    Stock: 1383
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-27-2025

  • $43,590
    fair price
    $864 above market
    • 47,151 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,147 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE7P9303190
    Stock: 2003600394
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 53,029 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,495 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE4P9303356
    Stock: 2003581556
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 53,879 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 529 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AD8P9875313
    Stock: 2003562527
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • New Listing
    $47,990
    good price
    $2,847 below market
    • 25,296 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 731 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE2R9329652
    Stock: 2003565728
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

    • 64,306 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,136 miles away from Rutland, ND

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF6P9756256
    Stock: P9756256P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 58,419 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 1,033 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE2P9302125
    Stock: 2003659676
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • $58,314
    great price
    $3,694 below market
    • 24,099 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Jim Lupient INFINITI (213 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Golden Valley, MN / 213 miles away from Rutland, ND

    Certified. INFINITI Certified Pre-Owned Details:* 167 Point Inspection* Warranty Deductible: $0* 1-Year Prepaid Service Visit Included.* Roadside Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE2R9328323
    Stock: S1094
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 35,691 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,495 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE6P9303195
    Stock: 2003567715
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

  • New Listing
    $46,990
    good price
    $1,797 below market
    • 31,802 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 731 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AEXR9327955
    Stock: 2003565738
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

    • 44,851 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,143 miles away from Rutland, ND

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE6R9326267
    Stock: R9326267P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $44,590
    great price
    $3,682 below market
    • 33,534 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 806 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE0R9328161
    Stock: 2003586044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $46,990
    good price
    $1,808 below market
    • 31,767 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 842 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE6R9327855
    Stock: 2003567716
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $46,990
    good price
    $1,639 below market
    • 32,327 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 1,033 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE2R9329957
    Stock: 2003591025
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-24-2025

  • New Listing
    $95,900
    good price
    $2,916 below market
    • 4,249 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Willis Lexus (359 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Des Moines, IA / 359 miles away from Rutland, ND

    4WD and CLEAN CARFAX.-3rd / Third Row Seats-Apple CarPlay/Android Auto.-Heads-Up Display.-Heated Front and Rear Seats.-Heated Steering Wheel.-Navigati...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ3CC4S9600704
    Stock: QL256064
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

    • 16,556 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,136 miles away from Rutland, ND

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lan...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE8R9326142
    Stock: R9326142P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $44,590
    good price
    $3,162 below market
    • 35,325 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 806 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE3R9328154
    Stock: 2003586046
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

  • $63,665
    good price
    $1,917 below market
    • 8,339 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Jim Lupient INFINITI (213 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Golden Valley, MN / 213 miles away from Rutland, ND

    Certified. INFINITI Certified Pre-Owned Details:* Warranty Deductible: $0* Roadside Assistance* 1-Year Prepaid Service Visit Included. 6 Year/75,000 M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE4R9331594
    Stock: S1106
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

  • New Listing
    $46,590
    good price
    $2,114 below market
    • 32,078 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 806 miles away from Rutland, ND

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE0R9326779
    Stock: 2003601560
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

    • 34,960 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in East Amherst, NY / 947 miles away from Rutland, ND

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE8R9326660
    Stock: 8GSXLQ
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

Showing 169 - 189 out of 246 listings

Consumer Reviews for the INFINITI QX80

Read recent reviews for the INFINITI QX80
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars11 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 11 reviews
  • 5 star
    (64%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (9%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (18%)
5 out of 5 stars

Lots of comfort and lots of room

Trenton Cogdill, 01/14/2017
2014 INFINITI QX80 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A)
I bought new in 2014 totally loaded. I am 6 ft 6 in tall and this is the only luxury SUV with adequate headroom without tilting the seat back. I have taken 5 hour trips with 4 adults and two children in total comfort. Voice operated navigation is great. Absolutely no mechanical issues in 55000 miles. I am 71 years old and this is by far my favorite vehicle. Better than Cadillac, … Mercedes, and BMW that I have owned.
Report abuse

Used 2023 INFINITI QX80 in Rutland, ND Values

Estimated values
2023 INFINITI QX80 LUXE 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$38,677$39,858$41,185
Clean$38,241$39,377$40,655
Average$37,515$38,576$39,773
Rough$36,571$37,534$38,625

The average list price of a used 2023 INFINITI QX80 in Rutland, North Dakota is $49,090. The average mileage on a used INFINITI QX80 2023 for sale in Rutland, North Dakota is 35,564. Based on the average mileage of 35,564 for used 2023 INFINITI QX80 for sale in Rutland, ND and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used INFINITI QX80 2023 in Rutland, North Dakota to be $37,515.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.