Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
24 listings

Save with Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 109,172 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • My Grand Rapids Mitsubishi (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Grand Rapids, MI / 95 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    ABS brakes, Active Cruise Control, Alloy wheels, Compass, Electronic Stability Control, Front dual zone A/C, Heated door mirrors, Heated Front Bucket ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (25 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4J24A59JZ056302
    Stock: P00056B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

    • 10,624 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • My Grand Rapids Mitsubishi (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grand Rapids, MI / 95 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    2.4L 4-Cylinder DI DOHC, ABS brakes, Active Cruise Control, Alloy wheels, Electronic Stability Control, Front dual zone A/C, Heated door mirrors, Heat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5WA95RZ040382
    Stock: P00115
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $27,974
    great price
    $3,593 below market
    • 14,934 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Clovis, CA / 1,825 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Rare Find,Green Vehicle,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5VA9XRZ066275
    Stock: RZ066275PR
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $27,995
    great price
    $2,783 below market
    • 16,226 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Henkel Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (59 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MI / 59 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5VA96RZ022645
    Stock: H3559A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 48,259 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, government vehicle
    • 22 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Integrity Ford (81 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Paulding, OH / 81 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    SummaryVISIT OUR WEBSITE INTEGRITYFORD.NETVehicle Details2019 OUTLANDER PHEV SEL S-AWC,TWIN ELECTRIC MOTOR,1 OWNER,CLEAN CARFAXEquipmentDUAL PWR HTD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (25 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4J24A55KZ038557
    Stock: J38557
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 14,973 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 1,829 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5WA96RZ066988
    Stock: 7W9CM2
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 17,969 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,836 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5WA99RZ045696
    Stock: 8FQQW5
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 47,300 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • RubyCar – New Jersey (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Bordentown, NJ / 596 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. RubyCar by Avis is a national online retailer that allows you to shop thousands ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5UA94PZ062682
    Stock: 53561104
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 49,328 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 24 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bedford, OH / 229 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (26 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4J2VA71NZ043508
    Stock: 7VQCM4
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 25,355 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Concord, CA / 1,918 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5WA91RZ060967
    Stock: 8FBKMG
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

    • 47,750 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • RubyCar - Atlanta (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 557 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. RubyCar by Avis is a national online retailer that allows you to shop thousands ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5UA94PZ037524
    Stock: 51989044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

    • 68,165 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • South Suburban Mitsubishi (93 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Matteson, IL / 93 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    2022 Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV SEL ** BLUETOOTH **, Apple CarPlay and Android, 4wd.Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!** NEED HELP WITH FINANCING SE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (26 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4J2VA75NZ033578
    Stock: 10086P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

    • 57,809 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 24 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 1,769 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (26 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4J2VA77NZ053668
    Stock: 8GCQXT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    Photos not available
    • 21,106 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Redwood City, CA / 1,939 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5VA90PZ028888
    Stock: 8GQ1MX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

    • 1,849 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 526 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5VA93PZ062307
    Stock: 2003766660
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • 63,538 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 22 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,527 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (25 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4J24A51JZ065673
    Stock: 2003855003
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 33,465 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 853 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (25 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4J24A50KZ052009
    Stock: 2003655438
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 59,691 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 22 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 968 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (25 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4J24A54JZ028245
    Stock: 2003903056
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

    • 62,682 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 24 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Grote Mitsubishi (61 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 61 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (26 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4J2VA75NZ031457
    Stock: 031457
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

    • 30,879 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Route 1 Chevrolet (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Momence, IL / 95 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    Silver 2023 Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV 4WD 1-Speed Automatic 2.4L DOHC 2.4L DOHC.Good Credit, Bad Credit, No Credit. Here at Route ! Chevrolet Buick we...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5UA92PZ020284
    Stock: P0555
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 30,439 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 38 mi est. electric range
    • 7 Seats, 25 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Albuquerque, NM / 1,206 miles away from Elkhart, IN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4T5VA93PZ029114
    Stock: 2003824783
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 24 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.