Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
320 listings
  • Price Drop
    $27,990
    fair price
    $288 below market
    • 71,549 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,009 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH3KLB12941
    Stock: 2003961480
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-08-2025

  • New Listing
    • 33,457 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Roseburg, OR / 2,000 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Navigation System,Satelli...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH9NLD41158
    Stock: 29749B
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • $30,990
    fair price
    $1,420 above market
    • 54,511 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 455 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH2LLA71236
    Stock: 2003750340
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • $28,400
    fair price
    $652 above market
    • 50,160 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carzby (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fenton, MI / 24 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    Delivers 24 Highway MPG and 20 City MPG! This Ford Ranger boasts a Intercooled Turbo Regular Unleaded I-4 2.3 L/140 engine powering this Automatic tra...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH2LLA00312
    Stock: 20-00312
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

  • Advertisement

    8 Offers Nearby

    2025 Ford Ranger
    $33,350
    starting MSRP
    • 7 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    Current Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. Optional equipment not included.
    • 80,129 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 608 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH3KLA26188
    Stock: 2003764485
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,590
    fair price
    $311 below market
    • 49,727 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 901 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH7MLD50584
    Stock: 2003947281
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,590
    fair price
    $869 above market
    • 62,713 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, MO / 631 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FHXKLB01872
    Stock: 2003941421
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 108 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 113 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH8PLE26237
    Stock: 2003903319
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

  • Advertisement

    8 Offers Nearby

    2025 Ford Ranger
    $33,350
    starting MSRP
    • 7 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    Current Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. Optional equipment not included.
  • Price Drop
    $25,590
    fair price
    $46 below market
    • 77,073 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 257 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH8LLA30044
    Stock: 2003943811
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 45,973 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,669 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER1EH3KLA56290
    Stock: 2003899398
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • $28,995
    fair price
    $440 above market
    • 61,613 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Russ Milne Ford (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Macomb, MI / 27 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    One owner vehicle sold here brand new. Clean CARFAX report.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH3NLD47909
    Stock: 0000P951
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

    • 60,550 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Boise, ID / 1,651 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Satellite Radio,Tow ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH5LLA08792
    Stock: 1650P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Advertisement

    8 Offers Nearby

    2025 Ford Ranger
    $33,350
    starting MSRP
    • 7 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    Current Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. Optional equipment not included.
  • New Listing
    $29,990
    fair price
    $813 above market
    • 16,309 miles
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,002 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH5LLA06509
    Stock: 2004008503
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

  • $22,695
    fair price
    $143 above market
    • 109,807 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Joe Ricci Automotive Clinton Township (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Clinton Township, MI / 24 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH8LLA31287
    Stock: 4436M
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-30-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 623 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4'12” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Dean Sellers Ford (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 10 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    Cactus Gray 2024 Ford Ranger XLT 4WD 10-Speed Automatic EcoBoost 2.3L I4 GTDi DOHC Turbocharged VCTDean Sellers Ford has been family owned and operate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4HH7RLE51791
    Stock: 479424
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-15-2024

  • $30,499
    fair price
    $776 above market
    • 61,334 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 1,961 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH6NLD39240
    Stock: 8GKV3N
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

  • Advertisement

    8 Offers Nearby

    2025 Ford Ranger
    $33,350
    starting MSRP
    • 7 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    Current Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. Optional equipment not included.
    • 5 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Gorno Ford (29 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Woodhaven, MI / 29 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    2022 Ranger XLT 302A PKG18 Black Painted Wheels, Black Appearance PKG, Lane Keeping, Pre-Collision Assist. Gorno Ford Woodhaven. (7**)6**-2***

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH1NLD51621
    Stock: A25046A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

  • New Listing
    $35,990
    fair price
    $1,160 above market
    • 50,363 miles
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 455 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH1PLE17331
    Stock: 2003988115
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-26-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $25,100
    fair price
    $852 above market
    • 74,529 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Crest Ford Flat Rock (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Flat Rock, MI / 32 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.4WD, Auto-Dimming Rear-View Mirror, Body-Color Wheel-Lip Molding, Chrome Appearance Package, Chrome Door & Tailgate Han...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH9KLB20834
    Stock: 21955T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

    • 8,704 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • North Brothers Ford (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Westland, MI / 15 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.Oxford White 2023 Ford Ranger XLT 4D Crew Cab 4WD EcoBoost 2.3L I4 GTDi DOHC Turbocharged VCT 10-Speed AutomaticComplim...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH7PLE18449
    Stock: 25T6039A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • $18,550
    good price
    $1,068 below market
    • 107,863 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 1,947 miles away from West Bloomfield, MI

    Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Turbo/Supercharged,WiFi Hotspot,Power Door L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH0KLA71427
    Stock: KLA71427P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 190 - 210 out of 320 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius50 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.