Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
273 listings
  • Stock photo**
    • 147,852 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5'12” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Kendall Toyota of Eugene (9 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • 6ft Bed
    • Extended Cab
    • 5000lb Towing Capaci...
    Close

    Located in Eugene, OR / 9 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Blue 2003 Ford Ranger Super Cab 4WD 4.0L V6 5-Speed DETAILED, OIL CHANGE, This 2003 Ford Ranger is a great deal.. here's why.., 4.0L V6, 4WD, ABS brak...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTZR45E53PA77645
    Stock: TXC0103
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 63,860 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Albany Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (47 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Albany, OR / 47 miles away from Eugene, OR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH2KLA35513
    Stock: U10296
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

    • 66,009 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Albany Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (47 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Albany, OR / 47 miles away from Eugene, OR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH6KLA56977
    Stock: U10291
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • Appraise
    my car

    Get the Edmunds appraisal report and a no-obligation offer for your car

    See my car’s value
  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 71,397 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Dick's Canby Ford (93 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Canby, OR / 93 miles away from Eugene, OR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH8KLA13726
    Stock: KLA13726
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • $12,487
    great price
    $5,554 below market
    • 70,447 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Plymouth, MI / 1,982 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Low Mileage,Rare Find,Satellite Radio,V6 Cylinder Engine,5-Speed A/T,Bed Liner,Power Door Locks,Satellite Radio,Running Boards/Side Steps,Gasoline Fue...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTLR4FE0BPA76857
    Stock: BPA76857P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $21,995
    great price
    $5,122 below market
    • 85,902 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Washington, MI / 1,995 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Lane Keeping Assist,Re...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH3MLD37234
    Stock: TMLD37234
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 69,080 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,792 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Navigation System,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Tow Hitch,Turbo/Supercharg...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH4KLA89946
    Stock: KLA89946A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $29,995
    great price
    $3,241 below market
    • 40,675 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sterling Heights, MI / 2,001 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Tow Hitch,Turbo/Supercharged,W...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH5PLE18191
    Stock: PLE18191A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    $31,249
    great price
    $4,949 below market
    • 20,814 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Eatontown, NJ / 2,491 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Sa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH4PLE03438
    Stock: PLE03438P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • $28,397
    great price
    $3,970 below market
    • 49,709 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Hudson, WI / 1,491 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,T...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FHXNLD12994
    Stock: NLD12994P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • $30,225
    great price
    $2,809 below market
    • 21,904 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Kendall Ford of Bend (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bend, OR / 91 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Blue 2021 Ford Ranger XLT 4WD 10-Speed Automatic EcoBoost 2.3L I4 GTDi DOHC Turbocharged VCT 4WD, 110V AC Power Outlet, 3.73 Axle Ratio, 4-Wheel Disc ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH3MLD97224
    Stock: WUR1875A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-28-2024

  • $19,990
    great price
    $2,663 below market
    • 82,409 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Volkswagen of McMinnville (88 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in McMinnville, OR / 88 miles away from Eugene, OR

    **One Owner** **Ford Co-Pilot Package** This one-owner 2021 Ford Ranger XL RWD Crew Cab comes with no accidents, a certified title, and is equipped wi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EHXMLD70054
    Stock: ME1103
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • $39,229
    great price
    $2,789 below market
    • 2,349 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4'12” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 704 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4HH1RLE24943
    Stock: RLE24943A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $54,809
    good price
    $2,589 below market
    • 15,823 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4'12” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 2,493 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4LR4RLE23771
    Stock: RLE23771T
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • $23,520
    great price
    $2,905 below market
    • 55,948 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 2,493 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Sa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EHXMLE00413
    Stock: MLE00413
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $27,946
    good price
    $1,801 below market
    • 27,551 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Cranberry, PA / 2,187 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FHXKLA69019
    Stock: TA69019P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 5,162 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4'12” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Frisco, TX / 1,598 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Turbo/Supercharged,WiFi Hotspot,Power Door Locks,Brake A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4BHXRLE03999
    Stock: RLE03999A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,000
    good price
    $954 below market
    • 136,903 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 524 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Remote Start,Tow Hitch,Turbo/Supercharged,WiFi Hotspot,HD Radio,Steel Wheels,Power ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH0MLD39054
    Stock: MLD39054TX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $25,995
    fair price
    $161 below market
    • 21,455 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Walnut Creek, CA / 420 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Sate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH3KLA59787
    Stock: KLA59787DW
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $31,995
    fair price
    $686 below market
    • 15,536 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sterling Heights, MI / 2,001 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Tow Hitch,Turbo/Su...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH2MLD52534
    Stock: MLD52534JW
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $31,709
    good price
    $1,491 below market
    • 35,825 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Missoula, MT / 476 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Lane Keeping Assist,Navigation Syst...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH8MLD23488
    Stock: 18181
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 22 - 42 out of 273 listings

Buying a Ford Ranger in Eugene Oregon

The Ford Ranger stands out as a versatile option for those navigating the scenic landscapes of Eugene, Oregon. With its capable turbocharged engine, this compact pickup provides impressive acceleration that makes it well-suited for both urban driving and outdoor adventures. Whether you're hauling gear for a weekend camping trip in the nearby Cascades or transporting bikes for a ride along the Willamette River, the Ranger offers the utility and performance needed for an active lifestyle. Additionally, its modern safety features provide peace of mind as you tackle the winding roads and varied terrains that surround the city.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.