Your Privacy

By accessing this website, you acknowledge that Edmunds and its third-party business partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technologies to collect information about you and your interactions with the website as described in our Privacy Statement; and you agree that your use of the website is subject to our Visitor Agreement.
Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
51 listings
  • $52,809
    fair price
    $1,156 below market
    • 9,937 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Plaza Land Rover St Louis (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Creve Coeur, MO / 12 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRJ2EX6R2497250
    Stock: PLRL240219
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • New Listing
    $44,990
    fair price
    $3,014 below market
    • 24,877 miles
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 242 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRM4EU8N2457660
    Stock: 2003680404
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $33,590
    good price
    $1,378 below market
    • 52,580 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 464 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRJ2EX1N2459550
    Stock: 2003670194
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 26,795 miles
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in New York City, NY / 887 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRW4EUXR2490028
    Stock: 2003756458
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • $33,999
    fair price
    $387 above market
    • 53,599 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Vantacar (186 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Owensboro, KY / 186 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRT2EX6N2459246
    Stock: P459246
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 20,730 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Weeks Chevrolet (86 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Benton, IL / 86 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    Window Grid Diversity Antenna, Trunk/Hatch Auto-Latch, Trip Computer, Transmission w/Driver Selectable Mode, Sequential Shift Control w/Steering Wheel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRL4EU0R2495506
    Stock: J4307A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

  • New Listing
    • 15,841 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to MO*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 599 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRJ2EX4R2496467
    Stock: 27019424
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 40,761 miles
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to MO*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pompano Beach, FL / 1,033 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRM4EU4N2460264
    Stock: 27126729
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 8 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Plaza Land Rover St Louis (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Creve Coeur, MO / 12 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRL4EU4S2509297
    Stock: PLRL250221
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 22,169 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to MO*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hillside, IL / 267 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRM4RU6M2448559
    Stock: 27055547
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 41,532 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to MO*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 1,361 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRM4RU1M2449280
    Stock: 27403760
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 70,812 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 528 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRU2RV3L2421024
    Stock: L2421024A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $24,600
    good price
    $2,112 below market
    • 73,457 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Plaza INFINITI (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Creve Coeur, MO / 12 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRU2RV8L2435839
    Stock: 435839
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 42,518 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 533 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRG2RVXL2441973
    Stock: 2003747543
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

    • 109,409 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Scherer Mazda (163 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Peoria, IL / 163 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRR2RV2L2432677
    Stock: 1E492B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 40,562 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 533 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRU2RV9L2436109
    Stock: 2003737351
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • $22,000
    good price
    $1,918 below market
    • 62,288 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 476 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Seats,Navig...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRG2RV4K2406084
    Stock: S9Z97151AA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 39,409 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MO*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Canoga Park, CA / 1,591 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRR2RV3K2411917
    Stock: 27196690
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 63,948 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 696 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRT2RK6K2407786
    Stock: 2003237233
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-16-2024

  • New Listing
    $24,990
    fair price
    $510 below market
    • 61,720 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 446 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRR2RK6JA077487
    Stock: 2003449956
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

  • $19,962
    fair price
    $1,069 below market
    • 54,373 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Heller Motors (187 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Pontiac, IL / 187 miles away from Saint Louis, MO

    AWD, Backup Camera, Fog Lights, Hands Free Liftgate, Interior Accents, Leather Seats, Navigation System, Parking Sensors, Power Seats, Push Start,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALRG2RV6JA056543
    Stock: U9955
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-18-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 51 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Land Rover Discovery

Read recent reviews for the Land Rover Discovery
Overall Consumer Rating
3.3 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (28%)
2 out of 5 stars

Get used to driving a loaner

Johnny Walker, 03/05/2019
2018 Land Rover Discovery HSE Td6 4dr SUV 4WD (3.0L 6cyl Turbodiesel 8A)
We've owned Land Rover products for nearly 20 years, and 5 years ago we left for Toyota (we purchased a 4runner and a Lexus SUV) because the frustrations of owning a Land Rover were interrupting our life (the service manager and Land Rover and I used to joke, that I should park the cars at the dealership, because they spent more time in the shop than in my garage). After, NEVER having … any issues with Toyota or Lexus for 4-years, we made the decision to go back to Land Rover and give the company the benefit of the doubt and purchased a 2018 Discovery (new from dealer) and 2018 Range Rover Sport (new from dealer) and both in cash. So, after racking up 7,000 miles and 5 months, the Discovery has been in the shop 18 days, major brake issues (sticking), software issues, and AEB issues. The Range Rover Sport is having the brake issues and software issues and has enjoyed about 8 days in the shop. We have serious mixed emotions, the Land Rover products are awesome in the snow, off-road and as daily haulers. But, once again I am sitting on two vehicles that have lost a significant amount of their value and I'm back and forth to the service facility. The Dealership has been super responsive and helpful while the work on a DFT (Dealer Facilitated Trade) for the Discovery (but no promises). Moral of our story will be to drive these for another 3 years, and trade them in for Ford, Toyota (Lexus) or Jeep. The moral of the story for you is simple, don't buy a Land Rover product, this is our recommendation after driving them on/off for 20-years.
Report abuse

Used 2024 Land Rover Discovery in Saint Louis, MO Values

Estimated values
2024 Land Rover Discovery P300 S 4dr SUV 4WD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$34,866$36,164$37,736
Clean$34,538$35,789$37,310
Average$33,992$35,166$36,600
Rough$33,282$34,355$35,677

The average list price of a used 2024 Land Rover Discovery in Saint Louis, Missouri is $38,608. The average mileage on a used Land Rover Discovery 2024 for sale in Saint Louis, Missouri is 44,158. Based on the average mileage of 44,158 for used 2024 Land Rover Discovery for sale in Saint Louis, MO and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Land Rover Discovery 2024 in Saint Louis, Missouri to be $33,992.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.