Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,883 listings
  • New Listing
    $32,750
    fair price
    $650 below market
    • 22,954 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (76 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 76 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Lea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS4NZ150082
    Stock: NZ150082PA
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    $30,774
    fair price
    $525 below market
    • 60,678 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Bob Ridings Westown Ford (355 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, IL / 355 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Vehicle Details**ONE OWNER**Packages>--Driver Assist Package: Automatic Seat Belt Tightening; Reverse Automatic Braking; Enhanced Au...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS5NZ102946
    Stock: S43A1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-03-2024

  • $41,927
    fair price
    $1,170 above market
    • 14,958 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • David Taylor Ellisville Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM (419 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ellisville, MO / 419 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Heated Leather Seats, Sunroof, NAV, Power Liftgate, Panoramic Roof, Alloy Wheels, TRANSMISSION, 9-SPEED AUTOMATIC, ENGINE, 2.0L TURBO, 4-CYLINDER, SID...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCR44RZ741322
    Stock: EP2340
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,000
    good price
    $1,203 below market
    • 25,409 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Koons Kia of Woodbridge (477 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 477 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2022 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury **BLUETOOTH**, **ONE OWNER**, **NAVIGATION/NAV/GPS**, **WOW WOW**, **LOW LOW MILES**, **EASY TO FINANCE**, **HEATED L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRSXNZ158154
    Stock: 000W9354
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 25,308 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Taylor Cadillac (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Toledo, OH / 85 miles away from Lansing, MI

    SummaryWelcome to Taylor Cadillac. At Taylor Cadillac we understand that delivering top quality service is the only way to earn business. We p...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS2NZ129778
    Stock: XC14690
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-18-2025

  • New Listing
    $35,590
    fair price
    $300 above market
    • 25,448 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Indianapolis (215 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 215 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS4NZ107507
    Stock: 2003653964
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-13-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $42,995
    fair price
    $796 above market
    • 8,198 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Les Stanford Cadillac (77 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dearborn, MI / 77 miles away from Lansing, MI

    4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 4-Wheel Independent Suspension, ABS brakes, All-Weather Floor Mats, All-Weather Integrated Cargo Liner (LPO), Auto High-beam Head...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS6RZ751709
    Stock: 38541
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $34,990
    fair price
    $227 above market
    • 18,823 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Zeigler Buick GMC of Lincolnwood (162 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lincolnwood, IL / 162 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Recent Arrival! 2022 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury Rosewood Metallic AWD*. 18/26 City/Highway MPG Odometer is 13257 miles below market average!At Zeigl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS6NZ108528
    Stock: PA7963
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $30,998
    fair price
    $554 above market
    • 33,992 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Naperville (191 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Naperville, IL / 191 miles away from Lansing, MI

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBR42NZ163161
    Stock: 27146269
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Photos not available
    $35,680
    fair price
    $202 below market
    • 31,492 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Lockhart Cadillac of Fishers (200 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fishers, IN / 200 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Certified. Stellar Black Metallic 2022 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury AWD 9-Speed Automatic 2.0L TurbochargedHome Delivery Available!, Schedule an At-H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDR49NZ172838
    Stock: 25H298
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • $29,363
    fair price
    $853 above market
    • 44,666 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Chevrolet of Ottawa (118 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ottawa, OH / 118 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Odometer: 44,666 MilesCARFAX One-OwnerMary Kay Pearl TricoatWireless Apple CarPlay/Android AutoHeated Leather...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCR46NZ131707
    Stock: U3282
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2024

  • $31,962
    fair price
    $1,039 above market
    • 38,296 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Heller Ford (262 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in El Paso, IL / 262 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS4NZ129913
    Stock: U25273
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-23-2025

  • $33,829
    fair price
    $676 below market
    • 34,376 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Rohrich Cadillac (287 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pittsburgh, PA / 287 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Satin Steel Metallic 2022 Cadillac XT5 Highlights Include..., NAVIGATION/GPS, LUXURY PACKAGE, PREMIUM PACKAGE, ALL WHEEL DRIVE/AWD, ONE OWNER, NO HASS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS1NZ130548
    Stock: 48203
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-11-2025

  • New Listing
    $28,997
    good price
    $1,902 below market
    • 37,757 miles
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Crestmont Cadillac (183 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Beachwood, OH / 183 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2022 Cadillac XT5 Luxury CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified.Satin Steel Metallic AWD 9-Speed Automatic 2.0L TurbochargedCadillac Certified ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBR47NZ117793
    Stock: 250062A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,988
    fair price
    $489 above market
    • 73,829 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Bob Bell Kia of Baltimore (485 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Baltimore, MD / 485 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Recent Arrival!Clean CARFAX.18/26 City/Highway MPGAt Bob Bell We believe in "MARKET VALUE PRICING" all vehicles in our inventory. OUR TEAM at Bo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS5NZ107757
    Stock: K250186A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $34,731
    fair price
    $397 above market
    • 31,111 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Bob Johnson 390 Chevrolet (353 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Avon, NY / 353 miles away from Lansing, MI

    “Bob Johnson has got your ride” At Bob Johnson Auto Group we use a third party provider for our Market Value Pricing (MVP) that is constantly polling ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS7NZ181553
    Stock: TA250562A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

    • 28,026 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • AutoCenters Nissan (429 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Herculaneum, MO / 429 miles away from Lansing, MI

    ONE OWNER with ZERO ACCIDENTS, All Wheel Drive, XT5 Sport, 4D Sport Utility, AWD, Stellar Black Metallic, 2-Way Power Driver Lumbar Control Seat Adjus...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNGRS4NZ128181
    Stock: R83860
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2025

  • $33,355
    fair price
    $713 above market
    • 20,964 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Zeigler Buick GMC of Lincolnwood (162 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lincolnwood, IL / 162 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2022 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury Stellar Black Metallic AWD*, BACKUP CAMERA*, BLUETOOTH w/MUSIC STREAMING*, BLIND SPOT MONITOR*, PRE-COLLSION WARNING ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDR47NZ179156
    Stock: PA7775
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,500
    fair price
    $292 above market
    • 66,472 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Reymore Chevrolet Sales (432 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Central Square, NY / 432 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Clean CARFAX, AWD, Navigation, Sunroof, Back Up Camera, Bluetooth®, Leather, Heated Front Seats, Memory Seat, Power Driver Seat, Power Passenger Seat,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS7NZ133244
    Stock: 94407A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-02-2025

    • 31,438 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Toyota of Murfreesboro (480 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 480 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2024 Cadillac XT5 Premium LuxuryCARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.This vehicle has passed a thorough 160 Point Inspection conducted by our Factory Tra...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS6RZ716829
    Stock: P12113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-25-2025

  • $37,990
    fair price
    $619 above market
    • 25,823 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Classic Cadillac (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mentor, OH / 184 miles away from Lansing, MI

    TEXT OR CALL DON ASHBA @ (440)-749-3437 FOR MORE INFORMATION. WHAT A NICE VEHICLE. THIS "CERTIFIED PRE-OWNED", ALL WHEEL DRIVE, 2022 CADILLAC XT-5 PRE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRSXNZ145517
    Stock: W16233A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

Showing 106 - 126 out of 1,883 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac XT5

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac XT5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (9%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
4 out of 5 stars

Found the perfect fit !

T.Rook, 06/22/2021
2021 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 9A)
We test drive the Lincoln Aviator and found the engine auto off/ on very jerky and the shift controls in a very odd position. It steered bulky compared to the Cadillac xt5. The aviator did have a little more room in the cargo area , but the rear passenger space looks and felt like and after thought . The XT5 feels and handles like what you expect from Cadillac. The interior just blew … us away with its high end design. Controls are super friendly and the wireless connect from phone to car is fantastic! We love our XT5 luxury premium. And it comes at a a much less premium price than the aviator . When I factor in design, cost, city and highway handling as well as the high tech safety features such as blind spot , lane check and anti collision braking and warning . Lastly let’s not forget the “ teenage driver speed control” I personally rate the XT5 a very strong 9 out of 10 !
Report abuse

Used 2022 Cadillac XT5 in Lansing, MI Values

Estimated values
2022 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$27,583$29,379$31,252
Clean$27,215$28,972$30,803
Average$26,603$28,294$30,054
Rough$25,806$27,412$29,081

The average list price of a used 2022 Cadillac XT5 in Lansing, Michigan is $34,389. The average mileage on a used Cadillac XT5 2022 for sale in Lansing, Michigan is 33,334. Based on the average mileage of 33,334 for used 2022 Cadillac XT5 for sale in Lansing, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac XT5 2022 in Lansing, Michigan to be $26,603.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.