Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
472 listings
  • New Listing
    $33,998
    fair price
    $853 above market
    • 57,732 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to FL*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 900 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF5M9720246
    Stock: 26936668
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 49,733 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Hardee Auto Sales (499 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Conway, SC / 499 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Delivers 19 Highway MPG and 13 City MPG! This INFINITI QX80 delivers a Premium Unleaded V-8 5.6 L/339 engine powering this Automatic transmission. [E1...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE8P9305353
    Stock: 250017
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 53,879 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,162 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AD8P9875313
    Stock: 2003562527
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • New Listing
    • 57,068 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,084 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF4M9716897
    Stock: 2003629084
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 62,599 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Butler Ford (482 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Milledgeville, GA / 482 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Thank you for choosing Butler Ford, this Moonstone White 2023 INFINITI QX80 LUXE is a great choice! Check out the following:No Accidents! One Owner! C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF3P9757557
    Stock: FX9926
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

    • 71,485 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • INFINITI of Macon (481 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Macon, GA / 481 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Cargo Net, Cargo Package, Carpeted Cargo Mat, Center Console Tray, Console Net, First-Aid Kit, Navigation system: INFINITI InTouch Navigation.THE COUP...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE1P9301290
    Stock: P9301290
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-21-2025

  • Photos not available
    • 33,415 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Naples INFINITI (109 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Naples, FL / 109 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Recent Arrival! Clean CARFAX.2023 INFINITI QX80 SensoryMineral Black4WD 5.6L V8 7-Speed AutomaticABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Compass, Electronic Stabili...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE2P9301458
    Stock: P301458
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 75,716 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Vaden Chevrolet Pooler (381 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pooler, GA / 381 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    2021 INFINITI QX80 LUXE Clean CARFAX. APPLE CAR PLAY - ANDROID CAR, BLUETOOTH, NAVIGATION SYSTEM NAV GPS, BACKUP CAMERA, SOUND PACKAGE - SIRIUS XM SAT...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE5M9272145
    Stock: M9272145
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,590
    great price
    $5,587 below market
    • 26,810 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • North Miami Mitsubishi (53 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Miami Gardens, FL / 53 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NF8J9661666
    Stock: 661666CA1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 55,911 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • BMW of Macon (481 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Macon, GA / 481 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Thank you for choosing BMW of Macon, this Champagne Quartz 2021 INFINITI QX80 SENSORY is a great choice! Check out the following:No Accidents! One Own...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BFXM9718751
    Stock: BU5767A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 41,208 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Sunset Cadillac of Venice (144 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Venice, FL / 144 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Pricing excludes tax, tag, title and pre-delivery service fee of $999 and private tag agency fee of $24.40. *See below for details.Recent Arrival! *LO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE8M9271358
    Stock: 25418A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $61,586
    great price
    $3,924 below market
    • 5,804 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • INFINITI of Clearwater (183 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Clearwater, FL / 183 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Luxury, power, and sophistication come together in this INFINITI Certified 2024 INFINITI QX80 Sensory 4WD, available now in Clearwater, Florida! With ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE9R9325094
    Stock: PS3618
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 01-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 26,446 miles
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,084 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF7M9716361
    Stock: 2003641224
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • New Listing
    $47,990
    good price
    $2,847 below market
    • 25,296 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,193 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE2R9329652
    Stock: 2003565728
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 40,150 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Atlantic INFINITI (264 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 264 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    WE DELIVER TO YOUR HOME OR OFFICE !!!!!Certified. 2023 INFINITI QX80 LUXE Black Obsidian RWD 7-Speed Automatic 5.6L V8Recent Arrival!INFINITI Certifie...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF1P9755712
    Stock: P6646
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 49,933 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Scanlon Lexus of Fort Myers (110 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 110 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Your MINT condition Champagne Quartz 2021 INFINITI QX80 SENSORY with: INFINITI radiant illuminated kick plates, roof rail cross bars, and INFINITI rad...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BF7M9718609
    Stock: L25X038A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

    • 76,092 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • OFFLease Orlando (154 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Maitland, FL / 154 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF9M9720265
    Stock: STK720265
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 94,567 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Mercedes-Benz of Coconut Creek (30 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Coconut Creek, FL / 30 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Sun/MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System[N93] Infiniti Radiant Welcome Lighting3rd Row Seat[B92] Roof Rail Cross Bars[L93] All-Season Package...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NF0K9680424
    Stock: K9680424
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 64,306 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 960 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF6P9756256
    Stock: P9756256P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 44,189 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Panama City Toyota (415 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Panama City, FL / 415 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    Hermosa Blue 2021 INFINITI QX80 Premium Select 5.6L V8 7-Speed Automatic RWD Cargo Package (First-Aid Kit, High-Density Non-Slip Rear Cargo Carpet, an...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF9M9715809
    Stock: 171929A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    $44,995
    great price
    $4,013 below market
    • 31,812 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Tidelands Ford (468 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pawleys Island, SC / 468 miles away from West Palm Beach, FL

    *** Price Includes $500 Dealer Rebate for trade-in and $500 dealer rebate for financing ***,*POWER DRIVER'S SEAT*, *EASY TO CLEAN SEAT & FLOOR MATERIA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE7R9329548
    Stock: F2125
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

Showing 211 - 231 out of 472 listings

Consumer Reviews for the INFINITI QX80

Read recent reviews for the INFINITI QX80
Overall Consumer Rating
3.4 out of 5 stars29 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 29 reviews
  • 5 star
    (31%)
  • 4 star
    (21%)
  • 3 star
    (17%)
  • 2 star
    (21%)
  • 1 star
    (10%)
4 out of 5 stars

My 5th INFINITI

JTitan, 04/21/2020
2019 INFINITI QX80 LUXE 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A)
This is my fifth INFINITI product, I had have many of their smaller cars and suvs in the past and was very happy. I decided to get something bigger for family use to travel comfortably. The ride quality and interior are excellent, safety systems work great! Reliability keeps me coming back to the brand as all of my INFINITI products have been flawless! This is a very comfortable long … distance cruiser, the rear seat entertainment is easy to use and the heated/cooled seats work quick. Leather quality is good and is resistant to discoloring (I have the wheat colored quilted leather). Overall the only knock is the technology is badly outdated but still does the basics. Gas mileage is predictable for a large naturally aspirated V8, the sound it makes is great and has strong, smooth acceleration! Overall I would buy again as this is an excellent luxury family do everything proper (truck based) suv!
Report abuse

Used 2021 INFINITI QX80 in West Palm Beach, FL Values

Estimated values
2021 INFINITI QX80 LUXE 4dr SUV (5.6L 8cyl 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$28,937$31,514$34,094
Clean$28,485$31,014$33,544
Average$27,732$30,180$32,627
Rough$26,753$29,095$31,435

The average list price of a used 2021 INFINITI QX80 in West Palm Beach, Florida is $41,353. The average mileage on a used INFINITI QX80 2021 for sale in West Palm Beach, Florida is 49,721. Based on the average mileage of 49,721 for used 2021 INFINITI QX80 for sale in West Palm Beach, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used INFINITI QX80 2021 in West Palm Beach, Florida to be $27,732.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.