Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
3,848 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 85,131 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Jeff Wyler Eastgate Mazda (459 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Batavia, OH / 459 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Delivers 30 Highway MPG and 24 City MPG! This Mazda CX-5 delivers a Regular Unleaded I-4 2.5 L/152 engine powering this Automatic transmission. JET BL...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBBM5N0540851
    Stock: 11T10037
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 53,259 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Tampa (346 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 346 miles away from Columbus, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFACM0L0829089
    Stock: 2003760542
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • New Listing
    • 52,712 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Pensacola (193 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pensacola, FL / 193 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM2N0543704
    Stock: 26969305
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 35,270 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Tampa (346 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 346 miles away from Columbus, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM3N1536001
    Stock: 2003732454
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 53,514 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Columbia (246 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 246 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM7N1580311
    Stock: 27138538
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 34,525 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Tampa (338 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 338 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM2N0555465
    Stock: 27091569
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 37,134 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Mazda of Palm Beach (488 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in North Palm Beach, FL / 488 miles away from Columbus, GA

    The Mazda store that gives you MORE!!, Value pricing made us #1, customer service keeps us there!!!, Family Owned and operated since 1975, Discover th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAY2N0619768
    Stock: T15233MC
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

    • 44,519 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Orlando (351 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 351 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCMXN0579627
    Stock: 27463001
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 39,815 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Florida (251 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 251 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Carfax and Autocheck accident free.TOURING PREFERRED EQUIPMENT PACKAGE -inc: Bose 10-Speaker Audio Sound System, Centerpoint2 and AudioPilot2, Auto Di...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFACM2L0751947
    Stock: 19317
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 76,635 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Florida (251 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 251 miles away from Columbus, GA

    ETERNAL BLUE MICA, BLACK, LEATHER SEAT TRIM, Wheels: 19" x 7J Aluminum Alloy w/Silver Finish, Trunk/Hatch Auto-Latch, Trip Computer, Transmission: 6-S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM3L1724657
    Stock: 19148
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 68,202 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Southaven Honda (336 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Southaven, MS / 336 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Recent Arrival! 24/30 City/Highway MPGCARFAX One-Owner.Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2022 Mazda CX-5 Southaven Honda is excited to offer this good-lookin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM2N1629706
    Stock: 2N1629706
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

    • 40,341 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Harbor City Auto Sales (395 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Melbourne, FL / 395 miles away from Columbus, GA

    WOW !! 1 OWNER !! CLEAN CARFAX !! ONLY 40K ORIGINAL MILES !! ESTIMATED REMAINDER OF FACTORY WARRANTY UNTIL 60,000 MILES OR UNTIL 04/18/2027 (WHICHE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM2N1570317
    Stock: 042517
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 52,040 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Charlotte (304 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 304 miles away from Columbus, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM6N1610315
    Stock: 2003750561
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 47,596 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Toyota Pinellas Park (347 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pinellas Park, FL / 347 miles away from Columbus, GA

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new battery! Sun/MoonroofLeather SeatsLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear Spoiler...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM3N0540049
    Stock: N0540049
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

    • 40,512 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Stokes Toyota Hilton Head (236 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bluffton, SC / 236 miles away from Columbus, GA

    ***Stokes Toyota Hilton Head*** 2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Premium Plus Package in Soul Red Crystal Metallic, Factory Equipped With:Safety and Security:5-P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM8N1625429
    Stock: 9266P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • New Listing
    • 26,926 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Jacksonville (250 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 250 miles away from Columbus, GA

    BLUETOOTH/MP3, BACKUP CAMERA, CLEAN CARFAX HISTORY, ONE OWNER, *FREE CARFAX REPORT AVAILABLE ON OUR WEBSITE*, AppLink/Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAY6N0631325
    Stock: JC063839B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 21,271 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Jacksonville (252 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 252 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM9N1576454
    Stock: 27328857
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 15,631 miles
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Ft. Myers (447 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 447 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBBM4N0604233
    Stock: 27313361
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 49,020 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Southern States Mazda (429 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 429 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Preferred PackageCome visit us at Southern States Automotive . Our staff is ready to help you purchase or lease your next veh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM0N1572986
    Stock: M69927A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 22,729 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Charlotte (304 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 304 miles away from Columbus, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBBM5N1526555
    Stock: 2003756167
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 25,230 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation GMC Mendenhall (336 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 336 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Lane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerBlack; Leatherette Seat TrimDeep Crystal Blue MicaThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFACM2L0770708
    Stock: L0770708
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

Showing 316 - 336 out of 3,848 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-5

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars114 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 114 reviews
  • 5 star
    (70%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

2021 CX5 GTR

Arkansas GTR owner, 07/20/2021
2021 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring Reserve 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A)
I moved up, way up, from a 2013 GMC Terrain. The CX5 GTR is great! The power is fantastic, the ride is soooo much smoother , and the build quality is in a different universe from the GMC. The CX5 is very quiet, the Bose sound system superb, and the turbo flat out hauls a..... I looked at RAV4, CRV, ENVISION, Santa Fe, and RDX. The RDX was the only one even close, but was way more … expensive.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Mazda CX-5 in Columbus, GA Values

Estimated values
2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Select 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$18,458$19,942$21,496
Clean$18,130$19,554$21,042
Average$17,584$18,908$20,284
Rough$16,874$18,067$19,300

The average list price of a used 2022 Mazda CX-5 in Columbus, Georgia is $24,905. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-5 2022 for sale in Columbus, Georgia is 43,905. Based on the average mileage of 43,905 for used 2022 Mazda CX-5 for sale in Columbus, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-5 2022 in Columbus, Georgia to be $17,584.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.