Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
427 listings
    • 87,677 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Delco Auto and Truck Sales (46 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sharon Hill, PA / 46 miles away from Reading, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RP8GM233295
    Stock: 233295
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • Not provided
    • Insurance loss reported, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • AW Auto Sales (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Allentown, PA / 32 miles away from Reading, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR8GM271210
    Stock: 271210
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-27-2024

  • Stock photo**
    $12,959
    good price
    $1,554 below market
    • 87,976 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Bergey's Chevrolet (36 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Colmar, PA / 36 miles away from Reading, PA

    Check out this 2017! Breathtaking performances sumptuous accommodations and jaw dropping good looks! INFINITI prioritized handling and performance wit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR5HM415409
    Stock: KLU2717
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-13-2025

  • $20,304
    good price
    $1,726 below market
    • 81,385 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Matt Blatt Kia of Abington (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Roslyn, PA / 45 miles away from Reading, PA

    NAVIGATION, SUNROOF, LEATHER, BLUETOOTH, BACKUP CAMERA, QX50 ESSENTIAL, 4D Sport Utility, I4, CVT, AWD, Black Obsidian, Wheat Leather, 2-Way Passenger...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M31KF105234
    Stock: A0852
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • $12,500
    good price
    $1,452 below market
    • 106,592 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Sams Auto Repair & Sales (47 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Harrisburg, PA / 47 miles away from Reading, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR4HM409049
    Stock: M409049
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • $21,332
    fair price
    $689 below market
    • 50,303 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Scott Select (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in West Chester, PA / 33 miles away from Reading, PA

    Welcome to Scott Select. We’re thrilled to be apart of this community as your trusted dealership and neighbor. You’ll feel welcomed from the moment yo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M37KF105108
    Stock: SS88876B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • $11,990
    fair price
    $1,016 below market
    • 107,307 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Sams Auto Repair & Sales (47 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Harrisburg, PA / 47 miles away from Reading, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RPXHM380333
    Stock: 380333
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • $14,995
    fair price
    $143 below market
    • 83,842 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • NJ Auto Sales (89 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in South Amboy, NJ / 89 miles away from Reading, PA

    NJ Auto Sales Sales 1779 NJ-35 South Amboy, NJ 0**** 7**-9**-5555 NJ Auto Sales - Your Trusted Car Dealer in South Amboy! Looking for your next car? N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR2HM408417
    Stock: 408417
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $13,909
    good price
    $883 below market
    • 96,651 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • O'Neil Nissan (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Warminster, PA / 45 miles away from Reading, PA

    Come visit your Dealer for life...Check out our reviews, Come and enjoy your best shopping experience! Clean CARFAX. Black Obsidian 2017 INFINITI QX50...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR9HM401903
    Stock: 7447A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • New Listing
    $22,590
    fair price
    $412 above market
    • 27,504 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 933 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RPXHM385760
    Stock: 2003818666
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • $15,495
    fair price
    $408 above market
    • 100,002 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Levittown Auto (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Levittown, PA / 57 miles away from Reading, PA

    L@@KS BEAUTIFUL AND RUNS EXCELLENT !! ONE OWNER CLEAN CARFAX !! ALL WHEEL DRIVE !! NAVIGATION !! POWER SUNROOF !! REARVIEW CAMERA !! Dealer Serviced w...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR5HM407682
    Stock: 407682
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-10-2025

  • $16,995
    fair price
    $105 above market
    • 65,646 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Highline Motor Cars (68 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Southampton, NJ / 68 miles away from Reading, PA

    Cruise around town in style with this sleek Maroon 2017 Infiniti QX50! This beauty is powered by a 3.7L V6 engine and a 7-speed automatic transmission...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR2HM410166
    Stock: 410166
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $14,799
    fair price
    $426 above market
    • 98,823 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 2,352 miles away from Reading, PA

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premium Sound,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR8HM405568
    Stock: HM405568P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $15,998
    fair price
    $1,212 above market
    • 85,474 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Canoga Park, CA / 2,360 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RP7HM383187
    Stock: 27512457
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $15,998
    fair price
    $1,091 above market
    • 85,665 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ocola, FL / 852 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RP9HM384079
    Stock: 27360464
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,910
    fair price
    $173 above market
    • 93,298 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Woods Auto Depot (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lakewood, NJ / 95 miles away from Reading, PA

    Visit Woods Auto Sales online at woodsautos.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 7**-3**-8*** today to schedule your test drive. Cal...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RRXHM410366
    Stock: Infinitiqx502017blck
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-10-2024

    • 52,166 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,405 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RRXHM406656
    Stock: 2003054931
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2024

    • 111,126 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,315 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RP7HM381228
    Stock: 27481474
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,998
    fair price
    $1,432 above market
    • 64,743 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 656 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RP5HM388517
    Stock: 27412492
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,900
    fair price
    $196 below market
    • 43,000 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Freehold Subaru (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Freehold, NJ / 88 miles away from Reading, PA

    Looking for a premium, reliable used SUV in the Freehold, Howell, Farmingdale, or Jackson, NJ area? Discover this exceptional **Used 2017 INFINITI QX5...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR6HM408971
    Stock: SU789710
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

  • $12,000
    fair price
    $374 above market
    • 126,671 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Best Buy Imports (51 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 51 miles away from Reading, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN1BJ0RR4HM400903
    Stock: 9774
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 43 - 63 out of 427 listings

Consumer Reviews for the INFINITI QX50

Read recent reviews for the INFINITI QX50
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars7 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 7 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (29%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (14%)
5 out of 5 stars

"5 STAR BARGAIN"

oldtimecarguy, 10/01/2014
2014 INFINITI QX50 Journey 4dr SUV AWD (3.7L 6cyl 7A)
Retired after 35 years in the automobile business. Researched the 2014 Infinity QX50 thoroughly before purchase. Can't drive it enough! All day comfortable! Wonderful power and luxury! Negotiated a great deal! Naturally aspirated 6 cylinder with 325 horsepower.(No turbo or supercharger to worry about). Japanese reliability. My wife and I recently returned from Pennsylvania, put on 1000 … miles(24 miles per gallon). Great through the mountains! We put the rear seats forward for more storage and better visibility. Don't hesitate to buy the QX50 or to compare it to anything in it's class. 2014 Infinity QX50 AWD Journey.(Moonlight White) OH YEAH!
Report abuse

Used 2016 INFINITI QX50 in Reading, PA Values

Estimated values
2016 INFINITI QX50 4dr SUV (3.7L 6cyl 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$9,016$12,450$14,893
Clean$8,728$12,025$14,350
Average$8,248$11,315$13,444
Rough$7,624$10,392$12,268

The average list price of a used 2016 INFINITI QX50 in Reading, Pennsylvania is $15,922. The average mileage on a used INFINITI QX50 2016 for sale in Reading, Pennsylvania is 82,793. Based on the average mileage of 82,793 for used 2016 INFINITI QX50 for sale in Reading, PA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used INFINITI QX50 2016 in Reading, Pennsylvania to be $8,248.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.