Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,336 listings
  • Price Drop
    $12,999
    great price
    $6,298 below market
    • 130,447 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (427 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bloomfield, NJ / 427 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Back-Up Camera,Brake Assist,Navigation System,Premium Sound,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moonroof,Power Door Locks,Satellite Radio,Brake Assist,Floor Mat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A26DLA75860
    Stock: SCU99972A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $8,980
    great price
    $3,251 below market
    • 136,045 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (425 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Verona, NJ / 425 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Brake Assist,Premium Sound,Power Door Locks,Brake Assist,Floor Mats,Gasoline Fuel,Remote Trunk Release,CD Player,ABS,Power Pa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A21DLA85363
    Stock: MAJ3557
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,496
    good price
    $2,374 below market
    • 113,437 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Cars2us Of Fairfax (235 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fairfax, VA / 235 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A20DLA85242
    Stock: CU6456
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $21,745
    fair price
    $2,054 below market
    • 94,955 miles
    • 1 accident, 5 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Dream Work Automotive (220 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 220 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A20DLA72985
    Stock: DLA72985
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • $24,999
    fair price
    $675 below market
    • 79,493 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Specialty Motors (431 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Gurnee, IL / 431 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A23DLA79753
    Stock: A79753
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $12,096
    great price
    $3,883 below market
    • 97,362 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarPlug (224 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 224 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A22ELA56083
    Stock: AC3950
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 65,642 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Dean Team Volkswagen Kirkwood (476 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Kirkwood, MO / 476 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Experience the Dean Team difference! We offer FREE car washes for life and FREE loaner cars in our service department *Certified appraisers available ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A23DLA02955
    Stock: K8411
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-18-2025

    • 76,629 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Cleveland (213 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 213 miles away from Charleston, WV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A23DLA71667
    Stock: 2003741171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • New Listing
    • 151,960 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Genesis Montgomery (493 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Montgomery, AL / 493 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Unleash the Spirit of Porsche – 2013 Cayenne S AWDJet Black Metallic | 4.8L V8 | Loaded with Premium Features | No Dealer Fees!Experience the pe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A2XDLA82588
    Stock: A82588G
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

  • New Listing
    $12,596
    great price
    $2,252 below market
    • 114,594 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Cars2us Of Fairfax (235 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fairfax, VA / 235 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A27ELA91589
    Stock: CU6660
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $13,990
    great price
    $3,010 below market
    • 84,949 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Wind Rider Auto Outlet (233 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 233 miles away from Charleston, WV

    2014 PORSCHE CAYENNE PLATINUM EDITION AWD!! *Passed VA safety inspection* *31 Service history records available* *Recently serviced* *Heated leather s...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A29ELA95997
    Stock: 35219
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $13,354
    good price
    $2,146 below market
    • 79,987 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • AW Auto and Truck Wholesalers (434 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Hasbrouck Heights, NJ / 434 miles away from Charleston, WV

    ,APPOINTMENT STRONGLY RECOMMENDED, 60 PLUS VEHICLES IN STORAGE!! Step into the world of refined power with this 2012 Porsche Cayenne AWD 4dr Tiptroni...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A25CLA02115
    Stock: 88962N
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $13,900
    good price
    $2,360 below market
    • 97,367 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • BM MotorCars (419 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Linden, NJ / 419 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A26ELA92233
    Stock: A92233C01
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $14,499
    good price
    $1,937 below market
    • 99,925 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Raptor Automotive (270 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 270 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A2XELA03747
    Stock: R2411566
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,996
    good price
    $1,895 below market
    • 122,638 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Cars2us Of Woodbridge (235 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 235 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A26ELA09612
    Stock: CU6536
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $10,994
    fair price
    $235 below market
    • 122,122 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Automotive Connection (171 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fairfield, OH / 171 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Introducing the ultimate driving machine - the 2012 Porsche Cayenne Base. With its sleek and sporty design, this luxury SUV will turn heads wherever y...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A28CLA12783
    Stock: A250433
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • $12,995
    fair price
    $256 below market
    • 154,218 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Ottomatic Motors (228 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Durham, NC / 228 miles away from Charleston, WV

    VISIT OUR WEBSITE TO SEE MORE PHOTOS & THE CARFAX REPORT   WWW.OTTOMATICMOTORS.COMWe challenge anyone to find a dealership that goes as far ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A21ELA91572
    Stock: 10747
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $14,900
    good price
    $1,655 below market
    • 90,059 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Freehold Mitsubishi (410 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freehold Township, NJ / 410 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A23ELA90410
    Stock: WP1AA2A23ELA90410
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • $17,388
    fair price
    $589 below market
    • 73,012 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • C. Harper Ford (155 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Belle Vernon, PA / 155 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A20ELA58897
    Stock: F57404B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • $16,877
    fair price
    $367 below market
    • 80,807 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Timeless Motorcars (226 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Stafford, VA / 226 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Timeless Motorcars we Thrive on our Customer Service and the capability to Provide cars to the community at a Fair Price. When you buy from Timeless M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AE2A21ELA50167
    Stock: A50167
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 73,666 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • Bob Boyd Lincoln (143 mi away)
    • All Wheel Drive
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry
    • Bluetooth Connection
    • Steering Wheel Audio...
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 143 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A22ELA01698
    Stock: N25286A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 1,336 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Porsche Cayenne

Read recent reviews for the Porsche Cayenne
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (76%)
  • 4 star
    (19%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
5 out of 5 stars

Take The Plunge

Gillman, 05/26/2018
2012 Porsche Cayenne S 4dr SUV 4WD (4.8L 8cyl 8A)
Bought my 2012 S in Sept of 2016 with 45k on the odometer. Bose, 18ways, dubs. Researched local mechanics to see if I could purchase my own parts for installation and there are many former dealer mechanics that understand the logic. Have replaced all filters, and front pads with rotors just to be sure. Change my own oil (you tube). Still running orig. plugs at 66k, it's normally … aspirated and the mpg (17.5 overall) suggests the logic holds, esp. with a smooth idle. Had an X5 for a decade and averaged 16.5 with 225hp and a six, this 400hp eight screams, you can toss your blue pills. I drove the six but a buddy told me to drive the eight before pulling the trigger and I'm still thanking him two years later, for a one mpg difference this bad boy is oh so light it's feet. (n.b. i'm running regular gas only) The Bose is more than you need, you may hurt yourself with it but Floyd never sounded so good. At night on the interstate at 80 with the stereo tuned to your liking you are there, where there is, is your own personal choice but it's probably near your glory days. I have never spent as much time in the 90's inadvertently, you'd best set the cruise. Fit and finish is boffo, rubbed this out with Meguiars compound and waxed it and the metal flake gray is an inch deep, like nothing I've ever owned. I'm a big guy and this thing swallows me whole, don't know about the back seats but my passengers are all smiling. Paid 36k, bought a 4 year bumper to bumper for 3600, piece of mind baby! At the time a new Traverse would have cost me the same, you choose. Screw the bucket list, zip up your big boy pants and get one of these, it's about the day to day . Job leave something to desire, make the drive to and fro nirvana. Later; now I have to go for a drive!
Report abuse

Used 2013 Porsche Cayenne in Charleston, WV Values

Estimated values
2013 Porsche Cayenne GTS 4dr SUV AWD (4.8L 8cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$15,057$17,845$19,527
Clean$14,392$16,958$18,454
Average$13,283$15,481$16,664
Rough$11,842$13,561$14,338

The average list price of a used 2013 Porsche Cayenne in Charleston, West Virginia is $15,487. The average mileage on a used Porsche Cayenne 2013 for sale in Charleston, West Virginia is 101,872. Based on the average mileage of 101,872 for used 2013 Porsche Cayenne for sale in Charleston, WV and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Porsche Cayenne 2013 in Charleston, West Virginia to be $13,283.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.