Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
216 listings
    • 100,343 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Homer Skelton Ford (495 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Olive Branch, MS / 495 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J1C55KBM18456
    Stock: H15997
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 71,204 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 643 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J1C52KBM16258
    Stock: 2003731686
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 49,664 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,250 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J1C57KBM18054
    Stock: 2003682171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • Selling or trading in?

    Know what your car is worth while you shop for your next vehicle.

    See my car’s value
    • 13,097 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Midway Autohaus (202 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bridgeview, IL / 202 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J1C50KBM16193
    Stock: 26606
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 39,671 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Seattle, WA / 1,540 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,High Demand,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Pre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J7C58KBM74460
    Stock: BM74460CK
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 64,960 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 692 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J5C59KBM65352
    Stock: 2003693396
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 60,755 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Whitewater Motors (407 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in West Harrison, IN / 407 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    LUXURY PACKAGE -inc: Luxury Line, exterior chrome design elements (bumper accents, air intakes w/specific design, kidney bars, window surround, exhaus...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J3C51KBL07771
    Stock: KBL07771
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-27-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 141,568 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Drive Appeal in Bloomington (212 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bloomington, MN / 212 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Clean CARFAX. 2017 BMW 4 Series White 430i Gran Coupe AWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V Turbocharged**PERFECT ONE OWNER CAR FAX** Recen...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4F9C50HG440053
    Stock: MG440053
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

    • 139,000 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Auto Market (480 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 480 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    LOT FINANCE PRICE IS $17900 WITH $4500 DOWN OR MAKE A CASH OFFER

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J1C57KBM14649
    Stock: M14649
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-24-2024

  • $14,995
    good price
    $2,921 below market
    • 76,576 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Auto House of Bloomington (177 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bloomington, IL / 177 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Check out this 2016 BMW 428 XI GRAN COUPE SULEV AWD! Clean Car Fax. Serviced regularly. Features include: alloy wheels, cruise control, sunroof, leath...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4C9C5XGG137885
    Stock: 37885
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $16,700
    fair price
    $1,675 below market
    • 72,930 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Fritz in Fishers (329 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fishers, IN / 329 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    This 2016 BMW 4 Series 428i xDrive, comes equipped with some nice features, these include bluetooth compatibility, GPS navigation, satellite radio, AU...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4C9C58GG138176
    Stock: 12919
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • $20,995
    good price
    $1,475 below market
    • 52,104 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Midway Autohaus (202 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bridgeview, IL / 202 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J3C54JBL03373
    Stock: 26991
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $20,500
    good price
    $985 below market
    • 57,671 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Shea Mega Lot (411 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Flint, MI / 411 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Certified.Certification Program Details: Include a standard 6-month, 6,000-mile (whichever comes first) limited bumper-to-bumper warranty. ?' If the v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J3C54JBG96424
    Stock: P34042A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • $22,000
    fair price
    $429 below market
    • 57,317 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Lexus of Highland Park (200 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Highland Park, IL / 200 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    You're looking at a stunning and well-equipped 2016 BMW 4 Series 435i xDrive Gran Coupe with just 57,317 miles. This one-owner vehicle has a clean Car...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4B3C53GG344165
    Stock: 250596A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • $18,477
    fair price
    $314 below market
    • 73,349 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Indy Luxury Motorsports (333 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 333 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    ** CLEAN CARFAX REPORT ** 33 MPG HIGHWAY ** 2.0L TURBO ** ALL WHEEL DRIVE ** SPORT PACKAGE ** WE WANT AND ACCEPT ALL TRADES+ WE OFFER COMPETITIVE F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J3C50JBG96341
    Stock: 7706-SJR
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2025

  • $20,650
    good price
    $1,967 below market
    • 42,742 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • LaFontaine Kia of Ann Arbor (415 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Ypsilanti, MI / 415 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2018 BMW 4 Series 430i Gran Coupe Mineral Grey Metallic 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 9 Speakers, ABS brakes, Anti-whiplash front head restraints, Comfort Acce...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J1C53JBG80994
    Stock: 5Q0080P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2025

  • $18,995
    good price
    $1,420 below market
    • 63,528 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Kars (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Des Moines, IA / 95 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J3C5XJBG95729
    Stock: J95729P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • New Listing
    $20,995
    fair price
    $77 below market
    • 93,294 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Car Hunter Express (200 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Highland Park, IL / 200 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J7C51JBH14949
    Stock: 906
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,599
    fair price
    $289 below market
    • 89,370 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Express Motors (422 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dayton, OH / 422 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Buckle up and get ready to turn heads in this sleek Blue 2018 BMW 4 Series! With a powerful 2.0L DOHC 16-Valve 4-Cylinder Turbocharged engine under th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J3C50JBG91060
    Stock: 009953
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-05-2024

  • $15,000
    fair price
    $90 above market
    • 110,925 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Adams Auto Sales (284 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Terre Haute, IN / 284 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J1C54JBG79286
    Stock: 53535
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • $17,495
    fair price
    $148 below market
    • 96,543 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Mr Fox Auto Sales (185 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Roselle, IL / 185 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4J3C59JBL03160
    Stock: L03160
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-22-2024

Showing 127 - 147 out of 216 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe

Read recent reviews for the BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe
Overall Consumer Rating
5 out of 5 stars10 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 10 reviews
  • 5 star
    (100%)
  • 4 star
    (0%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Sporty Elegance

Cmaygar, 06/17/2022
2022 BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe 430i 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
I took delivery on my 2022 Gran Coupe yesterday. First of all, this is a very difficult car to find. There is basically nothing in stock and most cars coming in are spoken for before they get to the dealer. I was fortunate to find one that arrived at the dealer that wasn’t pre-sold. I love this car. The new BMW technology is very intuitive and much better than the former system. The … double LCD screens with the totally electronic gauges is a game changer. The infotainment screens are easily accessible and simple to figure out. The acceleration on this car is excellent. It is QUICK. I was very impressed with the acceleration and handling in the Comfort mode. The ride is quiet, great feel for the road, comfortable and responsive. Standard blind spot monitor, back-up camera and parking assist technology is wonderful. The basic car comes loaded with a laundry list of standard features. There are some excellent options to choose from to customize this car to your needs and desires. The exterior styling of this car is stunning as is the interior. The ambient lighting and cabin layout is comfortable and functional plus luxurious. The hatchback provides a spacious cargo area with rear seats that completely fold down for extra space. What a great feature. I believe that the MSRP pricing on this car is very reasonable for the value. The twin turbo 4 cylinder engine is quite impressive. If you want a luxurious sports car with some added cargo space, this 2022 Gran Coupe will impress you.
Report abuse

Used 2019 BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe in Cedar Rapids, IA Values

Estimated values
2019 BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe 430i 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$14,719$16,871$18,787
Clean$14,349$16,437$18,295
Average$13,731$15,714$17,473
Rough$12,929$14,775$16,405

The average list price of a used 2019 BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is $20,953. The average mileage on a used BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe 2019 for sale in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is 74,601. Based on the average mileage of 74,601 for used 2019 BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe for sale in Cedar Rapids, IA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe 2019 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to be $13,731.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.