Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
136 listings

$0
Audi e-tron rebates in 43209
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • Price Drop
    $28,990
    fair price
    $467 below market
    • 17,262 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,664 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAGEXMB011867
    Stock: 2003755192
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 17,449 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 914 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAGE9MB013665
    Stock: 2003752053
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,590
    fair price
    $311 above market
    • 15,744 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 320 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAGE4MB016411
    Stock: 2003710616
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    $29,990
    fair price
    $735 above market
    • 17,935 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 347 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAGE5MB015678
    Stock: 2003739324
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 20,425 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 830 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAGE5MB011663
    Stock: 2003736572
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 26,671 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 854 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAGE6MB013204
    Stock: 2003761326
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,990
    fair price
    $1,004 above market
    • 27,556 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 192 - 200 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana - Cleveland (123 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 123 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VABGE6KB020884
    Stock: 2003795026
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,795
    fair price
    $160 above market
    • 27,724 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 215 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Elk Grove, CA / 2,049 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAGE4MB021309
    Stock: MB021309P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $26,590
    fair price
    $139 above market
    • 32,245 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,664 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAGE9MB039831
    Stock: 2003755191
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 23,315 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 320 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAGE1MB025874
    Stock: 2003710613
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,590
    fair price
    $1,249 above market
    • 16,462 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,979 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VAAGE0MB025026
    Stock: 2003723763
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • 10,570 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 914 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAGE4MB023004
    Stock: 2003798606
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,990
    fair price
    $583 above market
    • 16,790 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 830 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAGE5MB026705
    Stock: 2003736570
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 21,114 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 192 - 200 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana - Indianapolis (172 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 172 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAGE1KB023600
    Stock: 2003735155
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 16,583 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in New York City, NY / 476 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAGE8MB008683
    Stock: 2003710620
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 20,352 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 830 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAGE5MB019486
    Stock: 2003736573
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

    • 22,176 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 914 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LABGE1MB015618
    Stock: 2003798609
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 22,761 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,516 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VABGEXMB040655
    Stock: 2003710628
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

    • 28,419 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 914 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAGE3MB026016
    Stock: 2003710622
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

    • 32,953 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 192 - 200 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana - Indianapolis (172 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 172 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LABGE4KB021037
    Stock: 2003715948
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 30,140 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 209 - 216 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 320 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAGE4MB024900
    Stock: 2003690486
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 136 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Audi e-tron

Read recent reviews for the Audi e-tron
Overall Consumer Rating
3.2 out of 5 stars36 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 36 reviews
  • 5 star
    (33%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (14%)
  • 1 star
    (25%)
4 out of 5 stars

Smooth ride, need more range

Waynerm002, 04/22/2021
2021 Audi e-tron Premium Plus 4dr SUV AWD (electric DD)
Th e-tron offers a quiet cabin, with a good ride quality. The material inside are really nice, as expected of Audi however, storage in cabin isn't as much as one would expect from a dedicated EV. The stated range isn't as good for driving at high speeds but it gets the job done for the daily commute. Zero, is 0 when it comes to range, doesn't have any reserve so keep that in mind. We can … only hope that with a software update we can get better battery performance and longer range in the future. That being said, I did forgo a Tesla Model Y, with it's noisy interior, paint mismatch, fit and finish issues, both inside and out, for an e-tron with much better build quality and less range. I was able to get a good deal with the info provided on Edmunds which made this an even better proposition to get into. The sound system is great, I love the touch displays and digital cockpit. The shifter could have been smaller to allow for more space in the center console, that and the fact that the cup holders are deep in the dash and small. EVs on a dedicated platform are making efficient use of interior space, this could benefit from that was well. So far, my experience with this vehicle has been good, would be nice to go 500 miles on a single charge one day. For now, we are doing ok with having a 2nd vehicle that is a hybrid that can get beyond 500 miles on a single fill up. Overall, the e-tron is not only a great looking vehicle, it drives well and does everything else superbly. With additional charging stations coming online, doing long trips in it will offer less stress of range anxiety. This one is worth a buy.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Audi e-tron in Columbus, OH Values

Estimated values
2021 Audi e-tron Premium Plus 4dr SUV AWD (electric DD) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$25,164$27,273$29,383
Clean$24,771$26,840$28,909
Average$24,116$26,118$28,119
Rough$23,264$25,180$27,092

The average list price of a used 2021 Audi e-tron in Columbus, Ohio is $28,819. The average mileage on a used Audi e-tron 2021 for sale in Columbus, Ohio is 22,126. Based on the average mileage of 22,126 for used 2021 Audi e-tron for sale in Columbus, OH and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Audi e-tron 2021 in Columbus, Ohio to be $24,116.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.