Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
331 listings
  • New Listing
    $18,534
    fair price
    $1,100 below market
    • 44,977 miles
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Toyota Thornton Road (356 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 356 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Keyless StartRear SpoilerThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and passed our precise inspection process. Best of all the price you see is...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU3C56J2F51437
    Stock: J2F51437
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • $19,811
    fair price
    $30 above market
    • 66,008 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Palmetto Chevrolet (243 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Conway, SC / 243 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Serving Horry County for over 80 years!Local Trade, Non-Smoker, ABS brakes, Advanced Real-Time Traffic Information, Alloy wheels, Apple CarPlay Compat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU9C02L2L37875
    Stock: 7088A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-01-2025

  • $22,988
    fair price
    $1,100 above market
    • 39,591 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Mazda of Knoxville (250 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 250 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU9C09L2M81603
    Stock: L2M81603M
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • $22,600
    fair price
    $850 below market
    • 55,223 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Duvall Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (254 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Clayton, GA / 254 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    This 2020 MINI Hardtop 4 Door Cooper S would be a welcomed addition to your family/business. To be sure you don't miss out, give us a call at (8**) 8...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU9C06L2M32858
    Stock: M32858A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-03-2024

  • Price Drop
    $19,997
    great price
    $6,248 below market
    • 12,505 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Open Road BMW of Morristown (382 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Morristown, NJ / 382 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Heated Leather Seats, Moonroof, Navigation, Onboard Communications System, Back-Up Camera, iPod/MP3 Input, ICONIC TRIM, MALT BROWN, CHESTERFIELD LEATH...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU9C02M2N49368
    Stock: 69108A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,995
    fair price
    $643 above market
    • 27,831 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Atlantic Auto Brokers (265 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Harrington, DE / 265 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    2020 MINI Hardtop 4 Door CooperVIN: WMWXU7C04L2L70915Fun to drive, stylish, and surprisingly practical this 2020 MINI Hardtop 4 Door Cooper brings ico...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU7C04L2L70915
    Stock: L70815
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2024

  • New Listing
    $20,998
    fair price
    $462 above market
    • 25,193 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 544 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU7C00L2L69583
    Stock: 27346028
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 62,318 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Passport MINI of Alexandria (186 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 186 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    2018 MINI Cooper Base British Racing Green Metallic FWD 1.5L 12V TwinPower Turbo AutomaticComfort Access Keyless Entry, LED Headlights w/Cornering Lig...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU1C52J2F80986
    Stock: 14771A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 5,264 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Frederick (198 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 198 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW53DK00N2R31625
    Stock: 26937247
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 9,609 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 27 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Bates Ford (362 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Lebanon, TN / 362 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    We'll trade for anything that don't eat!Pepper White 2022 MINI Cooper Oxford Edition FWD 7-Speed Automatic 1.5L 12V TwinPower Turbo LOW MILES!!, ABS b...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW33DK09N2P71798
    Stock: U7803
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

    • 123,558 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • MINI of Montgomery County (197 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 197 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Recent Arrival! 2018 MINI Cooper Signature Hardtop 4 Door** Blazing Red** FWD 1.5L 12V Twin Power Turbo Automatic** Heated Front Seats** 16" Victory S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU1C57J2F79719
    Stock: 11912A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 27,693 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 3 owners, personal use
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • A.D.Auto (483 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Bristol, CT / 483 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    2020 Mini Cooper S VIN: WMWXU9C02L2M78610 Mileage: 27,693 Black Gloss Exterior / Heated Black Leather Interior 60 Day / 3000 Mile Warranty Rebuilt Tit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU9C02L2M78610
    Stock: M78610
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 89,038 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 27 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Westgate Mitsubishi (124 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 124 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Electronic Stability Control, Emergency communication system, Heated door mirrors, Heated Front Seats, Ill...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW33DK0XN2P61653
    Stock: M5859XP
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

    • 72,121 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 27 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Fitzgerald Mazda of Annapolis (220 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Annapolis, MD / 220 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    ONE-OWNER, MARYLAND STATE INSPECTED, ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL, HEATED FRONT SEATS, BACK-UP CAMERA, AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION.You will love our NO HAGGLE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW33DK05N2P97864
    Stock: Z802114A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 56,467 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 28 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Pleasant Hill, CA / 2,286 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU7C09L2L99715
    Stock: 27142859
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 27,461 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Performance Motor Cars (444 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Wilton, CT / 444 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW53DK05N2R41034
    Stock: R41034
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-17-2024

  • New Listing
    $19,990
    great price
    $4,731 below market
    • 45,315 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,818 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU3C59K2H54789
    Stock: 2003386990
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-25-2025

    • 25,634 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Colma, CA / 2,311 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU9C0XL2L47229
    Stock: 27174004
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $20,998
    good price
    $4,709 below market
    • 34,202 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to VA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 1,784 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU3C57K2H86527
    Stock: 26946273
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 58,181 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Bakersfield, CA / 2,166 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU7C05L2M67671
    Stock: 27088238
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 14,706 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • MINI of Towson (233 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Towson, MD / 233 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Iconic Trim 2.0Carbon Black; Cross Punch Leather UpholsteryDual MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation SystemHeated Steering WheelBlack Bonnet Stripes...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW53DK07P2U00361
    Stock: P2U00361
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 331 listings

Consumer Reviews for the MINI Hardtop 4 Door

Read recent reviews for the MINI Hardtop 4 Door
Overall Consumer Rating
4.8 out of 5 stars12 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 12 reviews
  • 5 star
    (92%)
  • 4 star
    (0%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (8%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Super Fun AND Practical

Karen Shaw, 05/24/2020
2020 MINI Hardtop 4 Door Cooper S 4dr Hatchback (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 7AM)
LOVE THIS CAR! The more I drive it, the more I love it!!! It’s a blast to drive, hugs the road, and has some good heft to it, so you don’t feel like you’re in a tin box. You get a lot of bang for your buck with this little gem. A lot of attention to detail was put into this vehicle. Lots of fun little surprises. The ONLY thing I wish it had more of was storage space....the center … console is very small. But that’s just a personal thing for me.
Report abuse

Used 2018 MINI Hardtop 4 Door in Roanoke, VA Values

Estimated values
2018 MINI Hardtop 4 Door Cooper S 4dr Hatchback (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$12,591$15,550$18,007
Clean$12,198$15,039$17,387
Average$11,543$14,188$16,353
Rough$10,692$13,082$15,009

The average list price of a used 2018 MINI Hardtop 4 Door in Roanoke, Virginia is $20,394. The average mileage on a used MINI Hardtop 4 Door 2018 for sale in Roanoke, Virginia is 43,947. Based on the average mileage of 43,947 for used 2018 MINI Hardtop 4 Door for sale in Roanoke, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used MINI Hardtop 4 Door 2018 in Roanoke, Virginia to be $11,543.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.