Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,659 listings
  • New Listing
    • 31,198 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Dayton (166 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in West Carrollton, OH / 166 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS9HZ108399
    Stock: 27111197
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 124,981 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Spot (437 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Wood-Ridge, NJ / 437 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Price includes all costs to be paid by consumer, except for licensing costs, registration fees, retail package, title and taxes. Any monetary discount...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNARS7HZ281218
    Stock: 281218
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 71,686 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Sam Pierce Chevrolet (242 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Daleville, IN / 242 miles away from Charleston, WV

    2 Years of Free Maintenance!* The best Chevy deals are in the country! Virtual Tour of Vehicle: We will use live interactive video chat to give you a ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNERS7HZ125395
    Stock: A8775
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 90,139 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Napleton Chevrolet St. Charles (429 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Saint Charles, IL / 429 miles away from Charleston, WV

    The Napleton Auto Group promotes a no pressure buying experience that puts the customer in charge of the buying process, and for over 80 years, the Na...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS2HZ229898
    Stock: P515A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 56,279 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Richmond (224 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 224 miles away from Charleston, WV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNARS1HZ220494
    Stock: 2003736504
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 87,555 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Fairfield Cadillac (310 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lewisburg, PA / 310 miles away from Charleston, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS7HZ270998
    Stock: C12342A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 59,654 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Columbus (134 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 134 miles away from Charleston, WV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS5HZ142576
    Stock: 2003728787
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 65,249 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Motorworld Pre-owned (367 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Wilkes Barre, PA / 367 miles away from Charleston, WV

    JUST ARRIVED. PENDING INSPECTION. Dark Adriatic Blue Metallic AWD 8-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 DI VVTRecent Arrival! Odometer is 8670 miles below marke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS5HZ193009
    Stock: L19932B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 82,060 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Chicago (440 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 440 miles away from Charleston, WV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS5HZ169524
    Stock: 2003564809
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

    • 43,182 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Myrtle Beach Chevrolet (355 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Myrtle Beach, SC / 355 miles away from Charleston, WV

    19/27 City/Highway MPG Odometer is 42828 miles below market average!Clean CARFAX.Silver Coast Metallic 2017 Cadillac XT5 Luxury 4D Sport Utility ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS3HZ194194
    Stock: 27798B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 83,382 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Norcross (337 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 337 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNARS6HZ260621
    Stock: 27112301
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 86,188 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Naperville (422 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Naperville, IL / 422 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS3HZ179176
    Stock: 26764641
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Photos not available
    • 44,197 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Berger Chevrolet (378 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Grand Rapids, MI / 378 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Sunroof, Heated Seats, Back-Up Camera, Alloy Wheels, Panoramic Roof, All Wheel Drive. SEE MORE!KEY FEATURES INCLUDESunroof, Panoramic Roof, All Whe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS2HZ109826
    Stock: J33784
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 63,000 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller North (463 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Marlboro, NY / 463 miles away from Charleston, WV

    This vehicle is located at Earlington, KY Copart yard. Join our online auctions to see its final price. All purchases must take place online at www.sa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCRS7HZ121755
    Stock: 54354055
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 71,282 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Schaumburg (425 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 425 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS3HZ255734
    Stock: 27343849
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 71,118 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Columbus (443 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Columbus, GA / 443 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS5HZ231228
    Stock: 26828063
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 79,692 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Kenosha (441 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kenosha, WI / 441 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS5HZ271983
    Stock: 26472561
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 116,234 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • White Ford (256 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Roanoke Rapids, NC / 256 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Family owned and operated since 1938.BUY ONLINE-TEXT-EMAIL-CHAT-PHONE. A better way to buy your next vehicle. Where a handshake still means somethin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCRS0HZ272016
    Stock: 272016G
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2017

  • Price Drop
    $17,783
    great price
    $2,990 below market
    • 61,755 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Spitzer Chevrolet Amherst (213 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Amherst, OH / 213 miles away from Charleston, WV

    Clean CARFAX. Stellar Black Metallic 2018 Cadillac XT5 Luxury FWD 8-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 DI VVT 155 Amp Alternator, 170 Amp Alternator, Advanced Se...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCRS8JZ100001
    Stock: 35035AMX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 57,447 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Hillside (Eisenhower Expy) (411 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hillside, IL / 411 miles away from Charleston, WV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS4HZ146232
    Stock: 27000104
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 74,394 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Ginn Chevrolet (351 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Covington, GA / 351 miles away from Charleston, WV

    *NON SMOKER, *NAVIGATION, *REMOTE START, *REMOTE KEYLESS ENTRY, *HEATED LEATHER SEATING, *POWER SEAT, *SUNROOF / MOONROOF, XT5 Premium Luxury, 3.6L V6...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNERS1HZ132410
    Stock: C5226P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 2,659 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac XT5

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac XT5
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars101 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 101 reviews
  • 5 star
    (59%)
  • 4 star
    (10%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (12%)
  • 1 star
    (8%)
5 out of 5 stars

Loaner car while 2015 Escalade in for service

Body shop car guy, 08/01/2016
2017 Cadillac XT5 Luxury 4dr SUV (3.6L 6cyl 8A)
Escalade in for minor overnight service, I was given a xt5 as a loaner. Not expecting any thing special I was very surprised with the vehicle. I don't drive a midsize SUV daily but found I enjoyed this experience. As a body shop owner I have the opportunity to drive most brands and found this to be one of the most engaging rides in its class. The BMW X3 , Audi and Lexus have there merits … but for comfort and performance this caddy tops them all.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Cadillac XT5 in Charleston, WV Values

Estimated values
2017 Cadillac XT5 Luxury 4dr SUV (3.6L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$13,353$17,157$20,064
Clean$12,979$16,654$19,451
Average$12,356$15,817$18,428
Rough$11,547$14,728$17,099

The average list price of a used 2017 Cadillac XT5 in Charleston, West Virginia is $20,783. The average mileage on a used Cadillac XT5 2017 for sale in Charleston, West Virginia is 72,413. Based on the average mileage of 72,413 for used 2017 Cadillac XT5 for sale in Charleston, WV and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac XT5 2017 in Charleston, West Virginia to be $12,356.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.