Your Privacy

By accessing this website, you acknowledge that Edmunds and its third-party business partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technologies to collect information about you and your interactions with the website as described in our Privacy Statement; and you agree that your use of the website is subject to our Visitor Agreement.
Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
384 listings
    • 120,475 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 47 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Connections (211 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 211 miles away from Fresno, CA

    Looking for a car that combines fuel efficiency, style, and performance? Look no further than the 2018 Honda Accord Hybrid Touring Sedan! This stunnin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    47 Combined MPG (47 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F96JA005996
    Stock: JA005996
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    • 123,045 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 47 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Karz Plus-National City (326 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in National City, CA / 326 miles away from Fresno, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    47 Combined MPG (47 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F91JA000480
    Stock: 26550
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 48,375 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Valley Hi Honda (213 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Victorville, CA / 213 miles away from Fresno, CA

    ***Valley Hi Honda in Victorville, CA, serves the High Desert with a wide range of new and pre-owned Honda vehicles. Our friendly team is dedicated to...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F95LA008150
    Stock: 5250886A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • $15,995
    great price
    $1,565 below market
    • 115,226 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 48 City / 48 Hwy MPG
    • Los Compadres Auto Center (234 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bloomington, CA / 234 miles away from Fresno, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/48 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F11KA010986
    Stock: KA010986
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $20,827
    great price
    $2,379 below market
    • 85,429 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (5 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 5 miles away from Fresno, CA

    CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F47MA017146
    Stock: MA017146PX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $21,988
    fair price
    $642 below market
    • 87,996 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Kia Country (102 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Manteca, CA / 102 miles away from Fresno, CA

    MANAGERS SPECIAL! 2021 Honda Accord Hybrid Base 4D Sedan Lunar Silver Metallic BACKUP CAMERA, VERY CLEAN, FUEL EFFICIENT.From beginning to end, Kia Co...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F15MA017524
    Stock: 1084
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,964
    good price
    $1,822 below market
    • 144,175 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Honda of Downtown Los Angeles (213 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 213 miles away from Fresno, CA

    Welcome to Honda of Downtown Los Angeles! 2021 Honda Accord Hybrid Base CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V i-VTEC. Certified.Lov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F16MA006144
    Stock: A006144P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,997
    fair price
    $334 below market
    • 4,839 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Capital City Honda (151 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 151 miles away from Fresno, CA

    Modern Steel Metallic exterior and Black interior. Heated Leather Seats, Sunroof, Alloy Wheels, Back-Up Camera, Hybrid. KEY FEATURES INCLUDELeather...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F51MA013893
    Stock: MA013893
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • $19,995
    good price
    $803 below market
    • 103,430 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 48 Hwy MPG
    • Hayes Auto Sales (155 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Roseville, CA / 155 miles away from Fresno, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/48 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F98KA010733
    Stock: 510733
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-01-2025

  • $18,281
    fair price
    $468 below market
    • 118,745 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 48 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of Fairfield (157 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fairfield, CA / 157 miles away from Fresno, CA

    Volkswagen of Fairfield - 2019 Honda Accord Hybrid EX SedanThank you for considering Volkswagen of Fairfield for your vehicle purchase. We are committ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/48 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F45KA020155
    Stock: 25VP1405
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,988
    good price
    $2,082 below market
    • 44,768 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 44 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Mossy Honda Lemon Grove (324 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lemon Grove, CA / 324 miles away from Fresno, CA

    Certified.2021 Honda Accord Hybrid Touring eCVT 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V i-VTEC44/41 City/Highway MPGClean CARFAX.Mossy Honda in Lemon Grove is...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    43 Combined MPG (44 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F99MA014311
    Stock: H0734U
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

  • $26,598
    fair price
    $471 below market
    • 34,115 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 48 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Hayward Honda (136 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Hayward, CA / 136 miles away from Fresno, CA

    Embodying a perfect blend of efficiency and elegance, this 2021 Honda Accord Hybrid glides on the road with its sleek Crystal Black Pearl exterior. Wi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F16MA001011
    Stock: 403080
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

  • $14,300
    good price
    $370 below market
    • 164,689 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 48 City / 48 Hwy MPG
    • The Best Used Car Sales (236 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Bernardino, CA / 236 miles away from Fresno, CA

    2019 Honda Accord Hybrid 48 MPG | Clean Title | Reliable & Stylish!Enjoy luxury-level efficiency with this 2019 Honda Accord Hybrid a modern sedan tha...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/48 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F16KA011003
    Stock: 011003
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,450
    good price
    $559 below market
    • 98,316 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 48 Hwy MPG
    • Auto City (322 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in El Cajon, CA / 322 miles away from Fresno, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/48 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F49KA017792
    Stock: 017792
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $26,998
    fair price
    $842 below market
    • 32,746 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Irvine (250 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Irvine, CA / 250 miles away from Fresno, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F45MA007554
    Stock: 26890450
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $27,498
    fair price
    $168 below market
    • 53,578 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 44 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Jaguar Rocklin (156 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Rocklin, CA / 156 miles away from Fresno, CA

    2021 Honda Accord Hybrid TouringThis vehicle has been through a rigorous inspection and reconditioning process, and is covered by our Niello Select Pr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    43 Combined MPG (44 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F94MA020291
    Stock: 8133UU
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

  • $20,495
    good price
    $1,253 below market
    • 92,318 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 48 Hwy MPG
    • Carusa Pacoima (194 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pacoima, CA / 194 miles away from Fresno, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/48 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F95KA022452
    Stock: 022452
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $28,495
    fair price
    $112 below market
    • 44,350 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 44 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Toyota Cerritos (227 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cerritos, CA / 227 miles away from Fresno, CA

    MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation SystemLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartHeads-Up DisplayCooled Front Seat(S)This vehicle includes a Money-Back ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    43 Combined MPG (44 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F98MA012811
    Stock: MA012811
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • 43,784 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 48 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Rockwall, TX / 1,348 miles away from Fresno, CA

    Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/48 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F98KA001868
    Stock: KA001868A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,998
    fair price
    $1,192 below market
    • 43,143 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 48 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Pacific Honda (315 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 315 miles away from Fresno, CA

    2021 Honda Accord Hybrid Lunar Silver Metallic 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V i-VTEC FWDCARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.You can feel comfortable knowing th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F19MA003478
    Stock: T252460X
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • New Listing
    • 118,505 miles
    • 48 City / 48 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,331 miles away from Fresno, CA

    Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (48 City/48 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1HGCV3F98KA017553
    Stock: KA017553A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 106 - 126 out of 384 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Honda Accord Hybrid

Read recent reviews for the Honda Accord Hybrid
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars33 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 33 reviews
  • 5 star
    (58%)
  • 4 star
    (24%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
4.75 out of 5 stars

2014 honda accord EX-L hybrid

wandayvette, 11/09/2013
2014 Honda Accord Hybrid EX-L 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
I love this car! I had the 2010 accord leased and bought the new hybrid it's sleek style and economical gas mileage is my fav features. The power it has at take off it's like if it were a v6 engine. I would never think its that powerful and I thought I would lose power for fuel economy but I was wrong this car has more power than the 2010 Honda. Love it! Thanks honda for an even better … car!
Report abuse

Used 2018 Honda Accord Hybrid in Fresno, CA Values

Estimated values
2018 Honda Accord Hybrid Touring 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$18,183$20,594$22,592
Clean$17,589$19,897$21,801
Average$16,598$18,735$20,482
Rough$15,310$17,224$18,768

The average list price of a used 2018 Honda Accord Hybrid in Fresno, California is $22,823. The average mileage on a used Honda Accord Hybrid 2018 for sale in Fresno, California is 82,002. Based on the average mileage of 82,002 for used 2018 Honda Accord Hybrid for sale in Fresno, CA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Honda Accord Hybrid 2018 in Fresno, California to be $16,598.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.