Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,773 listings
    • 30,788 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Grieco Honda (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Johnston, RI / 95 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Recent Arrival! Leather, Bluetooth, Backup Camera. CARFAX One-Owner. 2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Premium Plus Package Snowflake White Pearl Mica24/30 City/H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM1N1568054
    Stock: PH8888
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    • 69,541 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 2,002 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM7L0730032
    Stock: 2003705212
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Mazda of Valley Stream (46 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Valley Stream, NY / 46 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AT MAZDA OF VALLEY STREAM THE PRICE YOU NEGOTIATE IS THE PRICE WE HONOR. NO NEED TO WORRY ABOUT SNEAKY DEALER FEES. ADD $1995 FOR CASH PURCHASE,$175 D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCMXN0610987
    Stock: U04086
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-16-2025

  • Selling or trading in?

    Know what your car is worth while you shop for your next vehicle.

    See my car’s value
  • New Listing
    $20,998
    fair price
    $143 above market
    • 49,448 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Augusta, GA / 724 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFABM2L0841830
    Stock: 27158892
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 59,073 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Myrtle Beach, SC / 604 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFADM9L0768825
    Stock: 27086128
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 38,158 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AL to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Montgomery, AL / 944 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFACM3L0725308
    Stock: 27322759
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 34,968 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OK to CT*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,368 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM1L0851106
    Stock: 26485483
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 48,227 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NY to CT*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Rochester, NY / 265 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM5L0865141
    Stock: 26948161
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 48,641 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Fremont, CA / 2,587 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFACM8L0838834
    Stock: 27236287
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $19,985
    fair price
    $309 above market
    • 88,083 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Sawyer Lyons Buick GMC (80 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Randolph, NJ / 80 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Deep Crystal Blue Mica 2020 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring AWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16VRecent Arrival! 24/30 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM0L1818074
    Stock: T17649
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 40,791 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 130 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM3L0731454
    Stock: 2003654482
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 52,977 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to CT*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 778 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM5L0781156
    Stock: 26794006
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 44,963 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 1,567 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFACM9L0808757
    Stock: 26962645
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 49,010 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Pineville, NC / 594 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFADM6L1845225
    Stock: 27281779
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 58,982 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 617 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM9L0799966
    Stock: 2003715559
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • 42,294 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 444 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM9L0821528
    Stock: 2003719826
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 27,381 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Atlantic Hyundai (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in West Islip, NY / 33 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16VRecent Arrival! 24/30 City/Highway MPGSoul Red Crystal Metallic 2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Prefe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCMXN0591230
    Stock: U97708X
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

    • 43,391 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Irwin Mazda (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freehold, NJ / 88 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Just in off lease! Clean bill of health from our service department and includes the FACTORY MAZDA CERTIFIED PRE OWNED WARRANTY at no additional cost ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM3N1521643
    Stock: MU6288
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 25,190 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Stream Auto Outlet Amity (37 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Amityville, NY / 37 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    2022 Mazda CX-5 Snowflake White Pearl Mica 24/30 City/Highway MPG Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Odometer is 2211 miles below market average!...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM8N1563534
    Stock: A613
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 37,003 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Bright Bay Mazda (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bay Shore, NY / 32 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Mazda Certified inspected! This Super Sharp 2022 Mazda CX-5 carbon Edition SUV is priced to sell today! If your looking for reliability and efficiency...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM7N1570247
    Stock: 5MU9304
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 28,073 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Marano & Sons Auto Sales (71 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Garwood, NJ / 71 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Visit Marano & Sons Auto Sales Inc. online at www.maranosonsauto.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 844-992-3535 today to schedul...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM4N0646108
    Stock: 646108
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1,072 - 1,092 out of 2,773 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-5

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars104 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 104 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (23%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great Vehicle

jlsfla, 05/05/2012
2013 Mazda CX-5 Sport 4dr SUV (2.0L 4cyl 6A)
Posted week ago in Forum when purchased. After 1 week am in love. Great interior, seats extremely comfortable, handling feels very positive. Everything within easy reach. Sound system very good. Haven't checked gas mileage yet but seems good. Has that "heavy feel" in the front end making you feel more in touch with the road while driving. Enough power when merging into traffic. Quiet … inside though there is some road noise which seems to come from the tires. All in all compared to the Honda CRV and Toyota Rav 4 it wins hands down. Road trip coming up in a month or so so will get a real feel then. Great vehicle to consider.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Mazda CX-5 in Bridgeport, CT Values

Estimated values
2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Premium Plus 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$21,486$22,755$24,082
Clean$21,105$22,312$23,573
Average$20,470$21,574$22,724
Rough$19,644$20,616$21,622

The average list price of a used 2022 Mazda CX-5 in Bridgeport, Connecticut is $24,101. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-5 2022 for sale in Bridgeport, Connecticut is 43,666. Based on the average mileage of 43,666 for used 2022 Mazda CX-5 for sale in Bridgeport, CT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-5 2022 in Bridgeport, Connecticut to be $20,470.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.