Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
8,051 listings
Showing Nationwide results. Enter your
for local results.
  • New Listing
    $11,946
    good price
    $864 below market
    • 129,542 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Hugh White Honda Athens (Athens, OH)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Athens, OH / 62 miles away from Columbus, OH

    2009 Ford Ranger XLT Black Clearcoat 4.0L V6 SOHC, 4WD, 15" 7-Spoke Chrome Clad Steel Wheels, 4 Speakers, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, AM/FM radio, F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTZR45E49PA11953
    Stock: 45639151
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-05-2025

    • 177,256 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Anderson Ford Lincoln (Lincoln, NE)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Towing Hitch
    • 6ft Bed
    • Extended Cab
    Close

    Located in Lincoln, NE / 728 miles away from Columbus, OH

    This Oxford White Clearcoat 2009 Ford Ranger XL is a great choice! Check out the following:No Accidents! City 15/ Hwy 19 <h4 class="vc_build_package_n...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTZR15E59PA06047
    Stock: 1006744a
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

    • 76,893 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Car Bargain (Warrenton, VA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Warrenton, VA / 285 miles away from Columbus, OH

    2009 FORD RANGER 4 WHEEL DRIVE with powerful 4.0L SOHC V6 engine and driven only 76893 miles! Fully loaded and much more! CARFAX CERTIFIED**FINANCING ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTZR45E19PA25762
    Stock: MCB3041
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 71,340 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Lee Auto Group (Fort Myers, FL)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    • 6ft Bed
    • Extended Cab
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 938 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Meet our 2009 Ford Ranger XLT SuperCab 4X2 presented in Oxford White. Powered by a 2.3 Liter 4 Cylinder producing 143hp connected to a 5 Speed Automat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTYR14D59PA29736
    Stock: F7298
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 47,492 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • C3Auto (Plano, TX)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • 6ft Bed
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 907 miles away from Columbus, OH

    C3Auto.com is pleased to be currently offering this 2008 Ford Ranger XLT with 47,492mi. This vehicle comes with 4WD for better traction on unstable su...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTZR45E08PB03849
    Stock: P7344
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

  • $8,688
    fair price
    $6 below market
    • 175,538 miles
    • 1 accident, 6 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • Bickmore Auto Sales (Gresham, OR)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • 6ft Bed
    • Extended Cab
    • 5000lb Towing Capaci...
    Close

    Located in Gresham, OR / 2,020 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Air Conditioning, Power Steering, Tilt Wheel, Am/fm Stereo, Dual Air Bags, Abs (4-wheel)

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTYR14U78PA25119
    Stock: 12340A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • $13,995
    fair price
    $323 above market
    • 99,143 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • InTouch Auto Outlet (Spotsylvania Courthouse, VA)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Spotsylvania Courthouse, VA / 311 miles away from Columbus, OH

    *** CONSISTENT SERVICE RECORDS REPORTED ON CARFAX REPORT *** Alloy Wheels Cloth Seats Satellite Radio Ready ABS Brakes Automatic Transmission Cruise C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTKR4EE6APA58231
    Stock: A5290
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $8,499
    great price
    $3,494 below market
    • 114,212 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Fields Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Asheville (Asheville, NC)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Asheville, NC / 310 miles away from Columbus, OH

    2011 Ford Ranger XLT 2.3L I4 DOHC RWD Dark Shadow Gray MetallicOdometer is 5658 miles below market average! Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 15"...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTKR1ED4BPA83314
    Stock: C5744JG
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $11,287
    great price
    $6,273 below market
    • 70,447 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Plymouth, MI / 164 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Low Mileage,Rare Find,Satellite Radio,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,5-Speed A/T,A/C,A/T,ABS,Adjustable Steering Wheel,Aluminum Wheels,AM/FM Stereo,Auxiliary Aud...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTLR4FE0BPA76857
    Stock: BPA76857P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 44,640 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • NOVA Auto Land (Chantilly, VA)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • 6ft Bed
    • Extended Cab
    • 5000lb Towing Capaci...
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 297 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CLEAN CARFAX 2 OWNER!Extremely clean! NO RUST!!! TEXAS CAR! Includes 4-month GOLD Standard Warranty (Engine & Transmission coverage) During the first...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTYR14U58PA87134
    Stock: 1900
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 187,692 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Complete Auto Center (Raleigh, NC)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 373 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Finance Available, High Quality Pre-Owned Vehicles,5 years Maintenance Plan, Non-smoker owner, Vehicle Runs Well, Smooth ride, All records in possessi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTKR4EE4APA31691
    Stock: A31691-152
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 144,892 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Auto House of Bloomington (Bloomington, IL)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Bloomington, IL / 324 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Check out this 2008 FORD RANGER SUPER CAB 4WD. Clean Car Fax. 1 Owner! Features include: alloy wheels, and more. CALL 309-585-4144 for any questions o...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTZR45E08PA15450
    Stock: A15450
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 163,316 miles
    • 1 accident, 8 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Sunrise Auto Sales And Services (Fredericksburg, VA)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    • 6ft Bed
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 312 miles away from Columbus, OH

    The 2010 Ford Ranger Regular Cab XLT Pickup 2D 6 ft is a versatile mid-size truck built for both work and everyday driving. Its design emphasizes simp...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTKR1AD7APA50828
    Stock: A50828
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 164,974 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Sunrise Auto Sales And Services (Fredericksburg, VA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • 6ft Bed
    • Extended Cab
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 312 miles away from Columbus, OH

    1FTZR15E28PB112102008 Ford Ranger Super Cab XLT Pickup 2D 6 ft V6, 4.0 Liter Automatic, 5-Spd w/Overdrive 4WD 2 6 Pickup Gasoline14 17 MPG, $7,999.00V...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTZR15E28PB11210
    Stock: B11210
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $4,495
    great price
    $1,922 below market
    • 192,000 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Adan Auto Credit (Effingham, IL)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    • 6ft Bed
    • Standard Cab
    Close

    Located in Effingham, IL / 310 miles away from Columbus, OH

    The front windshield is in excellent condition. The paint is in great shape and condition. No dings are visible on this vehicle. There is more than 50...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTYR10D19PA01700
    Stock: A01700
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    $9,493
    good price
    $1,449 below market
    • 111,440 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, government vehicle
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • AutoNation Ford St. Petersburg (Saint Petersburg, FL)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Stability Control
    • Towing Hitch
    • 6ft Bed
    • Standard Cab
    Close

    Located in Saint Petersburg, FL / 846 miles away from Columbus, OH

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes! 5-Speed Automatic Transmission W/OdP225/70R15 All-Season Spare Tire2.3L ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTKR1AD1BPA20659
    Stock: BPA20659
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • $10,538
    good price
    $2,272 below market
    • 101,965 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Parkway Auto Center (Deer Park, WA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Deer Park, WA / 1,788 miles away from Columbus, OH

    This Vehicle is a Mechanic Special. For more information please call 509-276-2925. Step into adventure with this sleek Gray 2009 Ford Ranger. Eager to...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTZR45E89PA33096
    Stock: 30698
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $9,995
    good price
    $892 below market
    • 94,686 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, government vehicle
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Immaculate Used Cars (West Jordan, UT)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    • 6ft Bed
    • Standard Cab
    Close

    Located in West Jordan, UT / 1,526 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Vehicle Runs WellSmooth rideRegularly maintainedLots of storageArctic cold a/cNo petsMust test driveDone all Scheduled MaintenanceGreat first ridePrim...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTYR10D99PA30989
    Stock: I1296
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • $4,995
    good price
    $1,308 below market
    • 194,476 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Key Auto Sales (Cowarts, AL)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    • 6ft Bed
    • Standard Cab
    Close

    Located in Cowarts, AL / 627 miles away from Columbus, OH

    We make financing quick and easy, simply fill out our application here by clicking Financing - Apply Today on our website. You can contact us or call ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTYR10D59PA39544
    Stock: 11387
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $11,995
    fair price
    $815 below market
    • 111,571 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Rich's Car Corner (Seattle, WA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Seattle, WA / 2,013 miles away from Columbus, OH

    MUST SEE AND DRIVE TO APPRECIATE, CALL 2**-7**-8*** FOR DETAILS, THANKS FOR LOOKING!!Negotiable documentary service fee in an amount up to $200 may be...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTZR45E69PA50575
    Stock: 32762
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • $9,993
    fair price
    $142 below market
    • 147,840 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Metri Motors (Raleigh, NC)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 370 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTKR1ED6BPA81094
    Stock: A81094
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 8,051 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Ranger

Read recent reviews for the Ford Ranger
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars38 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 38 reviews
  • 5 star
    (53%)
  • 4 star
    (34%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4.25 out of 5 stars

Ford fan

Greywolf, 06/23/2009
2009 Ford Ranger XLT 4dr SuperCab 4WD Styleside SB (4.0L 6cyl 5M)
I bought a Ford truck (my third one) because all the other brands of vehicles I have owned let me down when I needed them to be reliable. The previous 2 Ford trucks (1970 F100, 1993 Ranger) were pretty spartan trucks. The 2009 Ranger is much more comfortable and fun to drive. The only fault I have found is the 4.0L 6 cyl. is not too fuel efficient.
Report abuse
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radiusNationwide
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.