Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
146 listings
  • Price Drop
    $40,990
    fair price
    $2,033 below market
    • 11,198 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 940 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2EX6PA719824
    Stock: 2003778877
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • $23,990
    good price
    $1,865 below market
    • 47,180 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 695 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCK2FX4KA356752
    Stock: 2003945222
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-08-2025

  • $65,590
    fair price
    $982 below market
    • 2,308 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 783 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCT2FUXSA745785
    Stock: 2003953465
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-05-2025

  • $38,998
    good price
    $4,711 below market
    • 17,227 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 1,432 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2EX3PA707887
    Stock: 27087508
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $30,590
    good price
    $2,962 below market
    • 42,085 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,609 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2EX0NA692102
    Stock: 2003822684
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $61,998
    good price
    $2,300 below market
    • 12,803 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 846 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCZ2EEXMA672896
    Stock: 27660019
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $38,998
    fair price
    $2,412 below market
    • 21,488 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 1,542 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2EX3PA713351
    Stock: 27830916
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $22,590
    fair price
    $1,878 below market
    • 39,650 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,023 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2FX5KA601433
    Stock: 2003896060
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • New Listing
    $25,998
    fair price
    $1,780 below market
    • 23,277 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Murrieta, CA / 1,315 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2FXXKA396207
    Stock: 27807182
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,891
    good price
    $2,026 below market
    • 71,122 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Clovis, CA / 1,491 miles away from Houston, TX

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Lane Keeping Assist,Navigation System,Premium Sound,Remote Start,Satellite Ra...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCM2FV3KA353236
    Stock: KA353236P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 61,070 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 195 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2EX0MA681437
    Stock: 2003972971
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-13-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 101,872 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Outlet - Houston (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 16 miles away from Houston, TX

    Clean CARFAX. WHITE 2019 Jaguar F-PACE 25t Premium AWD 2.0L I4 Turbocharged . Luxury, performance, and versatility come together in this 2019 Jaguar F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2FX9KA399177
    Stock: 10847
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-15-2025

    • 69,235 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Nation Wide Enterprise (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 18 miles away from Houston, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCK2BV6HA881583
    Stock: A-0623
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $47,998
    good price
    $4,447 below market
    • 6,576 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Davie, FL / 949 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCT2EX8RA728053
    Stock: 27702792
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $29,998
    good price
    $1,800 below market
    • 56,561 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 1,226 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2EX7MA684089
    Stock: 27778262
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $15,923
    fair price
    $831 below market
    • 82,452 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Calabasas, CA / 1,405 miles away from Houston, TX

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Premium Sound,Remote Start,Sunroof / Moonroof,Turbo/Supercharged,Pow...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2FX2KA360219
    Stock: KA360219A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $22,990
    fair price
    $983 above market
    • 53,504 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,023 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCK2GX0KA390153
    Stock: 2003943439
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-09-2025

  • $39,599
    good price
    $2,857 below market
    • 21,863 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • RubyCar - Denver (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Aurora, CO / 880 miles away from Houston, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. RubyCar by Avis is a national online retailer that allows you to shop thousands of high-quality, single-owner vehicles...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCT2EX8RA737173
    Stock: 55394194
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • New Listing
    $31,998
    fair price
    $823 below market
    • 15,216 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MS to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jackson, MS / 355 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCK2FXXLA643854
    Stock: 27219240
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $29,998
    fair price
    $1,347 below market
    • 52,771 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from KS to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Merriam, KS / 645 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2EX5NA691592
    Stock: 27209751
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $38,590
    fair price
    $11 below market
    • 14,113 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,380 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SADCJ2EX4NA693298
    Stock: 2003642103
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-09-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 146 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Jaguar F-PACE

Read recent reviews for the Jaguar F-PACE
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars159 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 159 reviews
  • 5 star
    (61%)
  • 4 star
    (16%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (11%)
4 out of 5 stars

An amazing experience so far

James, 06/12/2016
2017 Jaguar F-PACE
Ah, the Jaguar F-Pace... An SUV about 10 years to late. But, better late than never. The F-Pace is an amazingly attractive car and that is what attracted me at first, then they told me about the Elite Maintenance Program (5 Years no cost maintenance) then the fact that the average invoice for a Jaguar hovers on average around $4,000 dollars. The 380 hp V6 equipped on the S trim is much … more power than the average F-Pace driver will need, but does come in handy for short passing roads and highway merging etc. Gas mileage is of some concern especially because the fuel tank can only hold 16.6 gallons of gas. A 4,000 pound SUV with a combined average of 20mpg should be equipped with at least a 17.4 gallon gas tank. Again Im sure Jaguar engineers have a reason for such a small gas tank but I wish they would have made it a bit larger. The In Control Touch Pro infotainment system is amazing based solely on it being a touch screen (I do not believe Mercedes, BMW, Lexus or any other luxury brand comes equipped with touch screens anymore). The Brakes don't seem as powerful as they should be but I still have confidence in them. Overall the F-Pace has been an amazing car so far and has definitely gathered some looks especially when I select neutral and push the gas down and everyone hears the engine pop. Definitely worth a look.
Report abuse
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius25 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.