Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
489 listings
    • 22,980 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (464 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 464 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ3P1TE6JC243680
    Stock: 2003884127
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • $16,551
    fair price
    $193 below market
    • 22,695 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 1,414 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ3S2KE8LC328626
    Stock: LC328626TA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 24,755 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from El Paso, TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 638 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ3S2GE8LC347833
    Stock: 26639871
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $621 below market
    • 29,934 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Clermont, FL / 1,028 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3GL3LC317964
    Stock: 27441902
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $12,999
    good price
    $879 below market
    • 80,253 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Milwaukie, OR / 1,890 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3KL4LC353184
    Stock: 8GQ5NB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,590
    fair price
    $347 above market
    • 26,267 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 1,294 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3JL2LC364699
    Stock: 2003887870
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

    • 28,283 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 1,067 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3GL2LC350969
    Stock: 27546960
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $14,998
    fair price
    $34 above market
    • 30,433 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 976 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ3S2FE5LC313432
    Stock: 27634251
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,259
    good price
    $1,402 below market
    • 27,668 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ferndale, MI / 1,411 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moonroof...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3GLXNC459991
    Stock: TNC459991
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • $16,998
    fair price
    $148 below market
    • 37,350 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 976 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3FL9NC457201
    Stock: 27450608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 47,671 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Chaparral Ford (207 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Devine, TX / 207 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Express Open Sliding And Tilting Glass 1st Row Sunroof w/SunshadeBody-Colored Power Side Mirrors w/Convex Spotter, Manual Folding and Turn Signal Ind...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3GL8NC470309
    Stock: P8490
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 62,743 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 970 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ3S2GE8LC366446
    Stock: 2003884835
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 66,245 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 970 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ3S2GE3LC346668
    Stock: 2003848392
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 52,323 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from El Paso, TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 620 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ3S2GE3LC391089
    Stock: 27451194
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 43,475 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Mac Haik Ford (450 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Desoto, TX / 450 miles away from McAllen, TX

    ENGINE: 2.0L TI-VCT GDI I-4LIGHTNING BLUE METALLIC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3GL2NC465624
    Stock: TS5624
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

    • 42,901 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 523 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3GL2LC341107
    Stock: 27218352
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $15,998
    fair price
    $420 below market
    • 51,252 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bristol, TN / 1,182 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3GL8LC313215
    Stock: 26641687
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $399 above market
    • 48,064 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, NC / 1,335 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3GLXLC338133
    Stock: 27575850
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 56,957 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (464 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 464 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ3P1TE5JC238969
    Stock: 2003876226
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-05-2025

    • 74,220 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (464 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 464 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ3P1TE7JC169332
    Stock: 2003870044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • $17,998
    fair price
    $83 below market
    • 36,711 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 987 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: MAJ6S3GLXNC468304
    Stock: 26933944
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 232 - 252 out of 489 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford EcoSport

Read recent reviews for the Ford EcoSport
Overall Consumer Rating
3.4 out of 5 stars71 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 71 reviews
  • 5 star
    (38%)
  • 4 star
    (23%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (23%)
5 out of 5 stars

Love it

Illinoistony, 10/31/2020
2020 Ford EcoSport SE 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl 6A)
Economical...I easily hit 30mpg highway and smooth ride all the way. Pop into sport mode and it kicks up a notch too. Plenty of room for riders. I got just about all features and worth it. Handles nicely, no complaints.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Ford EcoSport in McAllen, TX Values

Estimated values
2018 Ford EcoSport SE 4dr SUV (1.0L 3cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$9,764$13,310$16,242
Clean$9,373$12,761$15,553
Average$8,721$11,847$14,404
Rough$7,874$10,657$12,911

The average list price of a used 2018 Ford EcoSport in McAllen, Texas is $16,640. The average mileage on a used Ford EcoSport 2018 for sale in McAllen, Texas is 43,485. Based on the average mileage of 43,485 for used 2018 Ford EcoSport for sale in McAllen, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford EcoSport 2018 in McAllen, Texas to be $8,721.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.