Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
237 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 78,138 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,597 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C02L9C13326
    Stock: 2003800852
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 55,537 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 722 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C07L9A03207
    Stock: 27331008
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 58,305 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 1,297 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C0XL9B96467
    Stock: 27339182
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 70,544 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,117 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C00L9A03808
    Stock: 2003734645
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 65,013 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Urbandale, IA / 827 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCX6C02LLE35744
    Stock: LLE35744NT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 72,899 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Direct Car Company (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 5 miles away from Houston, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCX6C04L9D11262
    Stock: D11262
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 59,764 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • R&T Expo (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 5 miles away from Houston, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C05L9B24866
    Stock: B24866
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 48,590 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Montgomery, AL / 575 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C09L9B60883
    Stock: 27489299
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $39,399
    fair price
    $819 above market
    • 47,327 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 1,427 miles away from Houston, TX

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C03L9C07017
    Stock: B8445T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 58,732 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MN to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brooklyn Park, MN / 1,066 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C06L9A03103
    Stock: 27014923
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 98,216 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • AUTO UNION LTD (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 5 miles away from Houston, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C02L9B60739
    Stock: L9B60739
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $47,990
    good price
    $3,905 below market
    • 40,995 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 932 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C05M9G35186
    Stock: 2003809766
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

    • 37,444 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Soho Motor Cars (2 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 2 miles away from Houston, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C06M9E08427
    Stock: E08427
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • $74,482
    good price
    • 37,779 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Wiesner Buick GMC (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Conroe, TX / 41 miles away from Houston, TX

    New Price! Clean CARFAX. Alpine White 2023 BMW X7 M60i AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 4.4L V8 DOHC 32V 3.15 Axle Ratio, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 5-Zone Autom...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX33EM05P9N93435
    Stock: SC3358A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $48,998
    good price
    $4,754 below market
    • 27,476 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Escondido, CA / 1,295 miles away from Houston, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C54KL082023
    Stock: 27062474
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $54,995
    good price
    • 35,789 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • R&T Expo (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 5 miles away from Houston, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCX6C08M9G27460
    Stock: G27460
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 101,225 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Woodlands (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Magnolia, TX / 33 miles away from Houston, TX

    One Owner X7 super clean Thank you for considering Auto Woodlands as your next vehicle purchase. All our inventory have Clean Titles! Gracias por cons...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C58KL081070
    Stock: 1571
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $41,590
    fair price
    $1,653 below market
    • 58,100 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,011 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C00M9G50842
    Stock: 2003778266
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 54,272 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 226 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C01M9F55092
    Stock: 2003709416
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $40,990
    fair price
    $1,549 below market
    • 51,629 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 941 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C00M9G02855
    Stock: 2003631090
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2025

  • New Listing
    $48,990
    fair price
    $66 below market
    • 35,390 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,011 miles away from Houston, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C00M9G83596
    Stock: 2003802765
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

Showing 43 - 63 out of 237 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW X7

Read recent reviews for the BMW X7
Overall Consumer Rating
3.4 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (49%)
  • 4 star
    (8%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (30%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great utility vehicle that drives like a sportscar

Bentonville Buyer, 10/25/2020
2020 BMW X7 xDrive40i 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 8A)
I bought my x7 a year ago after considering this and an Audi Q8. I liked the Audi as well, but the dealership was 80 miles away versus 3 miles away in Bentonville. Sales process was the smoothest I have ever experienced. Came in, drove the car, decided I wanted it and was done purchasing it 35 minutes later. Service to date has been equally smooth. Unquestionably, the best dealer … experience I have every had. As far as the vehicle itself, I had always liked X5’s, but would never consider purchasing one as they were too small for my liking. The X7 addresses that, giving me enough storage for trips and a third (albeit cramped) row of seats for when I have a lot of kids to haul. The driving experience is awesome - particularly in sports mode. The pickup from 50-80 miles per hour is impressive and makes passing a breeze - which is important for me as I drive many 2 lane roads in the country. And the technology, is fantastic. The center council is very well done. It’s easy to navigate and the sharpness of the screen is tough to beat. That is the first thing people comment on when they are in the car, particularly when the cameras are on when I’m reversing. I don’t know if the video is 4K, but the quality is exceptional. Overall, I’m very happy with the car 1 year in. I did have one issue with key fob about 1 month after I bought it, but it was taken care of promptly and I was given a loaner while they fixed the issue. Other than that it has been perfect. I would definitely buy another given my experience so far.
Report abuse

Used 2020 BMW X7 in Houston, TX Values

Estimated values
2020 BMW X7 xDrive40i 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$32,230$34,933$37,532
Clean$31,644$34,294$36,841
Average$30,666$33,229$35,690
Rough$29,396$31,844$34,194

The average list price of a used 2020 BMW X7 in Houston, Texas is $44,473. The average mileage on a used BMW X7 2020 for sale in Houston, Texas is 56,817. Based on the average mileage of 56,817 for used 2020 BMW X7 for sale in Houston, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW X7 2020 in Houston, Texas to be $30,666.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.