Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
372 listings
    • 82,128 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • DFW Auto-Bahn (179 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 179 miles away from Austin, TX

    FeaturesTop FeaturesAlloy Wheels Memory Seat(s)Bluetooth Technology Rear View CameraFront Seat Heaters Run Flat TiresHarman Kardon Sound Satellite Rad...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EBXGN302549
    Stock: A-861
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

    • 136,125 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • RPM Garage (190 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 190 miles away from Austin, TX

    RPM Garage is a specialty car dealership conveniently located off I-35E in Dallas, Texas. With over 100 cars in stock, and new inventory arriving ever...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB4GN293430
    Stock: 293430
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-25-2025

    • 89,127 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Yorway Auto Sales (169 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Glenn Heights, TX / 169 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB1GN309614
    Stock: 309614
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-29-2024

    • 70,425 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Katy (120 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 120 miles away from Austin, TX

    Keyless StartNight BlackThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and passed our precise inspection process. Best of all the price you see is ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (24 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB9JN679770
    Stock: JN679770
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 83,117 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Haas Toyota Country (126 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 126 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB3EN113187
    Stock: N113187A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • New Listing
    • 90,277 miles
    • Odometer issue reported, 3 owners, personal use
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller West (177 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 177 miles away from Austin, TX

    This vehicle is located at North Las Vegas, NV Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to lear...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB9EN046062
    Stock: 60995735
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

    • 26,090 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 925 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB1GN293367
    Stock: 2003829994
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

    • 54,068 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Car Place Dallas (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Addison, TX / 195 miles away from Austin, TX

    2016 Mercedes-Benz CLA CLA 250 4MATIC Coupe 4D for Sale in Addison, TXVIN: | Stock #: GN371369Mileage: 54,068 milesAutoCheck: 3 Owners Minor Accident ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB5GN371369
    Stock: GN371369
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 77,167 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,255 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB6GN389198
    Stock: 2003734218
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 90,127 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Clovis, CA / 1,345 miles away from Austin, TX

    Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Turbo/Supercharged,4 Cylinder Engine,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,7-Speed A/T,A/C,ABS,Adjustable Steering Wheel,Aluminum Wheels,AM/F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB3GN378100
    Stock: GN378100PLX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 57,233 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 925 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB6GN382039
    Stock: 2003826495
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 37,090 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Hillside, IL / 970 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB2GN325319
    Stock: 27227694
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 63,358 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,463 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB5GN301129
    Stock: 27211544
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 47,597 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Ocola, FL / 931 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB8GN387307
    Stock: 27299911
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 49,300 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Garland (191 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 191 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ5CB6EN077052
    Stock: 27205253
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 86,740 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Luna Car Center (72 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 72 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB4EN087649
    Stock: LCC14409
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 68,123 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Texan Hyundai (122 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Rosenberg, TX / 122 miles away from Austin, TX

    Recent Arrival!Gray 2014 Mercedes-Benz CLA CLA 250 FWD 7-Speed Double-clutch 2.0L I4 Turbocharged 17" 5-Spoke Wheels, 18" AMG® Wheels, 4-Wheel Disc ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB4EN156016
    Stock: DT26209A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 76,058 miles
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - San Antonio (74 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 74 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB7EN122195
    Stock: 2003691470
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-04-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 72,288 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Atlantic Motor LP (134 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 134 miles away from Austin, TX

    EASY financing available with $4,000.00 Down Payment!!! ATLANTIC MOTOR GP 8787 RICHMOND AVE HOUSTON TX. 77063 (7**)7**-3*** www.atlanticmotorsllc.com ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EBXGN306259
    Stock: 5607
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 42,301 miles
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Houston Katy Freeway (120 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 120 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB7EN105318
    Stock: 27293222
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 35,130 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller West (177 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 177 miles away from Austin, TX

    This vehicle is located at Grand Prairie, TX Copart yard. Join our online auctions to see its final price. All purchases must take place online at www...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (24 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB0JN673940
    Stock: 58598475
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 372 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars57 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 57 reviews
  • 5 star
    (53%)
  • 4 star
    (18%)
  • 3 star
    (18%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
5 out of 5 stars

Perfect car for me

Julie V., 08/18/2016
2016 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class CLA 250 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 7AM)
Over the years I have driven a bmw, Porsche, Saab, and several infinitis, the last a g35 coupe. It was a great, fun, fast car, but also uncomfortable inside and a gas guzzler. My new mercedes cla 250 doesn't have nearly the power, and the transmission in the economy mode is clunky, but it handles nicely, gets good gas mileage (I'm averaging 26.5 in the city), and is a great looking … little car. If you turn off economy mode, the car is perkier and handles just fine. I hardly ever drive with anyone in the back seat, so its cramped nature bothers me not, especially after the coupe! At this stage in my life I don't want a big gas guzzling car, just a spiffy, well made, fun machine, and this one fits the bill. After one year I still love this car. We just returned from a 1,600 mile road trip, averaging 40 mpg! One day we even got 48. My husband, who drives a big SUV, really enjoyed the car on the highway. It is plenty peppy for passing, handles well and smoothly and is quiet. One year Another year has gone by and I’m still happy with my purchase. I should mention that I’m not that interested in the car’s technology, which I understand is sub par for a Mercedes. Also, this car is not for someone who wants speed. This is a small, unpretentious car with great handling and excellent fuel mileage....just what I want. Plus, it’s quite nice to look at. I still enjoy this car at 6 years old. It just turned over 30,000 miles and has been trouble free and pleasant to drive. I just drove it on a 1400 mile road trip, averaging 39.2 mpg! My car is now 8 years old and still a peach. Trouble free, only 36,000 miles, in great condition. I could drive it for a long time more although I am getting that new car itch….but why buy?
Report abuse

Used 2016 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class in Austin, TX Values

Estimated values
2016 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class CLA 250 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 7AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$9,356$11,948$13,790
Clean$8,982$11,448$13,186
Average$8,359$10,613$12,179
Rough$7,549$9,529$10,871

The average list price of a used 2016 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class in Austin, Texas is $16,593. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class 2016 for sale in Austin, Texas is 68,279. Based on the average mileage of 68,279 for used 2016 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class for sale in Austin, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class 2016 in Austin, Texas to be $8,359.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.