Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
536 listings
  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 18,830 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Borgman of Holland (402 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Holland, MI / 402 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Looking for a used car at an affordable price? This Ford won't be on the lot long! A great vehicle and a great value! With less than 20,000 miles on t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7F24L1466857
    Stock: 25PU552
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 107,508 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Hubler Auto Plaza (251 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in O'Fallon, MO / 251 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    GO TO HUBLERAUTOPLAZA.COM TO SEE A COMPLETE SELECTION OF SALE VEHICLES!!! FREE AUTOCHECK AVAILABLE ON OUR WEBSITE! THE SHOWROOM HOURS ARE MONDAY, WEDN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E25L1469784
    Stock: P6048
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 147,815 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Drive on Time Motors (453 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Searcy, AR / 453 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    **Every vehicle is eligible for an extended warranty. ** ALL ADVERTISED PRICES ARE CASH ONLY. PRICES DO NOT INCLUDE TAXLICENSEDEALER/ FINANCE FEES** ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E25L1474225
    Stock: 474225
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 95,604 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • All-State Ford Truck Sales (487 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 487 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    LIMITED ROYAL SHIELD WARRANTYPrice does not include applicable Tax, Title, License and $199 Doc Fee. Although every reasonable effort has been made to...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E28L1473313
    Stock: P7359
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-28-2024

    • 29,714 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • BellMobile (230 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Hopkins, MN / 230 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7F20L1453250
    Stock: 453250
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 93,175 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Passport Motor Sports (304 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 304 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E29L1475152
    Stock: 163
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

    • 93,269 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Hobson Ford (427 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Bedford, IN / 427 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E21L1441366
    Stock: FP329
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 6,208 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to IA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, FL / 1,041 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E21L1451265
    Stock: 26460146
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 154,370 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Regional Auto Group (310 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 310 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    2020 Ford Transit Connect XL 2.5L 4-Cylinder Clean Carfax, no accidents. 1-Owner van with regular oil changes. Nationwide Shipping - Free shipping on ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E7XL1457304
    Stock: 457304
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-27-2024

    • 119,090 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Travers GMT Auto Sales West (250 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in O'Fallon, MO / 250 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    This 2020 Ford Transit Connect Wagon XLT, comes in WHITE exterior with interior with 119090 miles and is Stock Number W8541X.WHY THIS VEHICLE? With it...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0GS9F25L1468498
    Stock: 468498
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2024

    • 64,000 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • LaVista Autoplex (122 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in La Vista, NE / 122 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Introducing the sleek and versatile 2020 Ford Transit Connect XL! This compact commercial van is perfect for any business looking for a reliable and e...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E23L1466219
    Stock: 466219
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 105,793 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Perkins Motor Plex Mayfield (432 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Mayfield, KY / 432 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    BACKUP CAMERA....USB HOOKUP....BLUETOOTH....XL.....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0GE9E29L1477097
    Stock: 477097
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • 101,532 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6 Seats, 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • McLarty Volvo Cars of Little Rock (477 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Little Rock, AR / 477 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Recent Arrival! Clean CARFAX. **CUSTOMER'S ARE #1 @ MCLARTY NISSAN OF NORTH LITTLE ROCK***ARKANSAS' #1 NISSAN DEALER** BEST PRICES, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0GS9F22L1468796
    Stock: L1468796
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

    • 75,506 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Golden Motors (313 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 313 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Visit Golden Motors Sale online at www.goldenmotorsil.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 7**-7**-5*** today to schedule your test ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E2XL1468940
    Stock: V1274
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 158,082 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Les Stumpf Ford (325 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Appleton, WI / 325 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    FIRST OIL CHANGE INCLUDED!! Frozen White 2020 Ford Transit Connect XLT FWD 8-Speed Automatic I4 Local Trade, Non-Smoker, Clean Auto Check, One Owner, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS6F2XL1464430
    Stock: P15165
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 80,066 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of Clarksville (479 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Clarksville, IN / 479 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Clean CARFAX. Frozen White 2020 Ford Transit Connect XLT FWD 8-Speed Automatic I4Odometer is 7222 miles below market average! 24/27 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LE7F26L1444382
    Stock: P444382
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 65,131 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Affinity Auto Sales (289 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in West Chicago, IL / 289 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    FINANCING AVAILABLE UNDER PERSONAL NAME AND OR UNDER BUSINESS.SHIPPING AVAILABLE WORLD WIDE AT LOW COSTCUSTOMIZABLE WARRANTIES AVAILABLE UP TO 6 YEARS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E27L1453344
    Stock: A3787
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 112,903 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • John Jones Chevrolet Buick of Salem (456 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Salem, IN / 456 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    2020 Ford Transit Connect Van XL - Now Available at John Jones Chevrolet of Salem in Salem, IN! One Owner! No Accidents! *Key Features* Cruise Control...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E25L1480218
    Stock: S08693
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 104,425 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Anderson Ford of Clinton (269 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Clinton, IL / 269 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7F26L1456699
    Stock: 456699
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2024

  • New Listing
    • 94,466 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Subaru of Wichita (327 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 327 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    24/27 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E27L1479815
    Stock: SG587185
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

    • 136,055 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 2 Seats, 24 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Fast Deals Auto Sales and Repair (489 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 489 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    2020 Ford Transit Connect XL COMPACT, POWERFUL, BUSINESS-READY! 4-month warranty 136,055 miles | 2.0L 4-Cyl | Automatic | CLEAN TITLENeed a van that k...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: NM0LS7E26L1477702
    Stock: ARMPER77702
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

Showing 463 - 483 out of 536 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Transit Connect

Read recent reviews for the Ford Transit Connect
Overall Consumer Rating
3.6 out of 5 stars58 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 58 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (14%)
2.88 out of 5 stars

Poor performer

elevatorman79, 07/01/2011
2011 Ford Transit Connect Cargo Van XLT 4dr Minivan w/Side & Rear Glass (2.0L 4cyl 4A)
Handles well at slow speeds but be careful at high speeds a quick lane change could be a problem . If you dont need the hight this is not a vehicle for you I am still not sure how to use the interior hight for anything. The biggest problem is the horse power . I have to tach 6500 rpm in the first 3 gears in order to enter the parkway at 40 mph . From a standing start it is the slowest … vehicle I have ever driven . I drive alone and only cary 300 lbs of tools and supplies . I have 5000 miles on it and its not getting any better .
Report abuse

Used 2020 Ford Transit Connect in Des Moines, IA Values

Estimated values
2020 Ford Transit Connect Cargo Van XLT 4dr Minivan w/Rear 180 Degree Doors LWB (2.0L 4cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$8,551$11,274$13,905
Clean$8,334$10,977$13,525
Average$7,973$10,482$12,892
Rough$7,503$9,838$12,068

The average list price of a used 2020 Ford Transit Connect in Des Moines, Iowa is $19,020. The average mileage on a used Ford Transit Connect 2020 for sale in Des Moines, Iowa is 93,502. Based on the average mileage of 93,502 for used 2020 Ford Transit Connect for sale in Des Moines, IA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Transit Connect 2020 in Des Moines, Iowa to be $7,973.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.