Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
265 listings
    • 16,989 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Maxum Motors (330 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chandler, AZ / 330 miles away from El Paso, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C06N9L58756
    Stock: P1044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 17,149 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of the Permian Basin (253 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midland, TX / 253 miles away from El Paso, TX

    We are happy to deliver this 2024 X7 anywhere in Texas or New Mexico. For over a century, the Sewell Family has humbly served its clients. Our clients...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX23EM07R9S66646
    Stock: 3643997A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

    • 17,976 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 20 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Lubbock (295 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lubbock, TX / 295 miles away from El Paso, TX

    Welcome to Mercedes-Benz of Lubbock, a Cavender Auto Family dealership. This vehicle is located at 1702 Texas Ave, Lubbock, TX 79401. Here at Cavender...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX23EM07S9W96697
    Stock: S9W96697
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 42,620 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 1,144 miles away from El Paso, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,He...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C0XN9M58990
    Stock: S9006733A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 45,149 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 1,144 miles away from El Paso, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hand...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C01N9J55628
    Stock: S9X01096A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 69,247 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bend, OR / 1,167 miles away from El Paso, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C02N9K71078
    Stock: N9K71078A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 21,908 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Chapman BMW Chandler (337 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chandler, AZ / 337 miles away from El Paso, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX23EM08R9U92467
    Stock: X562237A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 61,843 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bloomfield, NJ / 1,888 miles away from El Paso, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,He...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C01N9L58664
    Stock: BBP9969
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 66,405 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,259 miles away from El Paso, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCX6C06N9J93697
    Stock: 2003755701
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

    • 57,145 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Johnston, IA / 978 miles away from El Paso, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,He...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C02N9K56743
    Stock: N9K56743VP
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 17,847 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 1,299 miles away from El Paso, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C0XN9K70874
    Stock: 27202429
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 55,833 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Nissan Of Boerne (482 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boerne, TX / 482 miles away from El Paso, TX

    Recent Arrival! Alloy wheels, Front & Rear Heated Seats, Front Massaging Seats, Front Ventilated Seats, Head-Up Display, Navigation System, Panoramic...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C01N9K77874
    Stock: PP59025A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • $71,899
    fair price
    $656 below market
    • 20,148 miles
    • 1 accident, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 1,894 miles away from El Paso, TX

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Sta...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX23EM03R9V32812
    Stock: B8198P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $55,590
    fair price
    $1,258 above market
    • 23,811 miles
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grand Rapids, MI / 1,371 miles away from El Paso, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C02N9L48208
    Stock: 2003731319
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

    • 48,899 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,287 miles away from El Paso, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hand...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C04N9M88261
    Stock: N9M88261P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 51,252 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Chapman Hyundai (350 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 350 miles away from El Paso, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C00N9L04417
    Stock: DH25227A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 61,815 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Chapman BMW on Camelback (346 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 346 miles away from El Paso, TX

    Service loaner vehicles are available for viewing by appointment only, as they are part of an active rotation. Due to regular usage, the mileage at th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C02N9L60973
    Stock: X251548Q
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $41,772
    great price
    $5,540 below market
    • 48,589 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Bill Luke Marana (274 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 274 miles away from El Paso, TX

    BILL LUKE CERTIFIED! NO HIDDEN FEES! ALL RECONDITIONING COSTS ARE FULLY INCLUDED IN OUR PRICES!!M SPORT PACKAGE, PANORAMIC ROOF, NAVIGATION, MERINO LE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C00M9G81069
    Stock: ML6988A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $53,500
    fair price
    $1,582 above market
    • 37,366 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ann Arbor, MI / 1,435 miles away from El Paso, TX

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heads-Up Display,Heated Seat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C07N9M47090
    Stock: N9M47090P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 47,145 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sanford, FL / 1,512 miles away from El Paso, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCW2C06N9J76247
    Stock: N9J76247
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $55,998
    fair price
    $80 above market
    • 46,915 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Doral, FL / 1,630 miles away from El Paso, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCX6C04N9K13624
    Stock: 27183345
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 148 - 168 out of 265 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW X7

Read recent reviews for the BMW X7
Overall Consumer Rating
3.8 out of 5 stars26 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 26 reviews
  • 5 star
    (62%)
  • 4 star
    (4%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (12%)
  • 1 star
    (19%)
2 out of 5 stars

Disappointed - Serviced 5 times in 3 months

Paul P, 05/26/2023
2023 BMW X7 xDrive40i 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 8A)
Purchased a new BMW X7 in February 2023. Buying experience was very good. The problem is I’ve had in for service 5 times in 3 months. Three times was a faulty seat belt sensor. One time was the drive train locked up and I had to have it towed. Final time is another faulty sensor which is back ordered for a month. I love the car styling and it drives great but having to taken in … for service 5 times is ridiculous. I will say the BMW service team is super friendly and helpful. I just wish I didn’t have to get to know them. So far BMW has not offered anything for my time and inconvenience. Probably will be my first and last BMW.
Report abuse

Used 2022 BMW X7 in El Paso, TX Values

Estimated values
2022 BMW X7 xDrive40i 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$40,540$43,276$46,131
Clean$40,000$42,677$45,467
Average$39,100$41,678$44,362
Rough$37,929$40,379$42,925

The average list price of a used 2022 BMW X7 in El Paso, Texas is $56,240. The average mileage on a used BMW X7 2022 for sale in El Paso, Texas is 41,717. Based on the average mileage of 41,717 for used 2022 BMW X7 for sale in El Paso, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW X7 2022 in El Paso, Texas to be $39,100.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.