Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
77 listings
    • 43,496 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,327 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C58K5N56084
    Stock: 2003608376
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

    • 42,022 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 1,614 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ1C00M5S22325
    Stock: 2003837879
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 58,931 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Pittsburgh, PA / 1,736 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C55KEF83777
    Stock: 2003878129
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 49,575 miles
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,537 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C50K5N36797
    Stock: 2003815684
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $16,998
    good price
    $1,703 below market
    • 61,838 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Middletown, NY / 1,975 miles away from Missoula, MT

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C34JEF72797
    Stock: JEF72797T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $24,695
    fair price
    $445 below market
    • 42,837 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Paramus, NJ / 2,006 miles away from Missoula, MT

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ1C0XN5T61721
    Stock: PHP9121
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,997
    good price
    $1,200 below market
    • 51,365 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Hinshaw's Acura (394 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Fife, WA / 394 miles away from Missoula, MT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C31JEF72434
    Stock: 250361A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • $41,896
    fair price
    $59 above market
    • 5,002 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (170 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 170 miles away from Missoula, MT

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,High Demand,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBX63GM01R5Y53420
    Stock: R5Y53420CL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,980
    fair price
    $160 above market
    • 27,352 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Northtown Auto Liquidators (171 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 171 miles away from Missoula, MT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C33JEF77859
    Stock: F77859
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • $22,999
    fair price
    $458 above market
    • 53,012 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in El Cajon, CA / 985 miles away from Missoula, MT

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYH9C09N5U01930
    Stock: 7V4QF3
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • $22,988
    fair price
    $129 below market
    • 62,374 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Overturf Volkswagen (249 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kennewick, WA / 249 miles away from Missoula, MT

    Clean CARFAX. Backup Camera, Navigation/GPS, Sunroof/Moonroof, Premium Audio, Heated Seats, Leather Seats, Accident Free carfax History Report, Comple...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ1C01N5U16122
    Stock: R289A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $20,590
    fair price
    $1,215 above market
    • 61,313 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 925 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C30JEF75065
    Stock: 2003845017
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 34,234 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,630 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C37JEF72924
    Stock: 2003874021
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 42,880 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,630 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C30JEF73901
    Stock: 2003878188
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

  • $17,995
    fair price
    $213 above market
    • 52,048 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Xtreme Auto Sales (439 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 439 miles away from Missoula, MT

    Non-smoker owner, Vehicle Runs Well, Smooth ride, Always parked indoors, New tires, New paint job, All records in possession, Upgraded stereo, Regular...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ3C37JEP76057
    Stock: 0012
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • $28,590
    fair price
    $190 below market
    • 29,992 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,888 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ1C07N5U73229
    Stock: 2003858791
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 67,705 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,537 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C31JEF80310
    Stock: 2003854162
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

    • 5,686 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (395 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Seattle, WA / 395 miles away from Missoula, MT

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,High Demand,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBX63GM08R5Y05252
    Stock: 5Y05252AN
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 27,333 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,327 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ5C37JEF71076
    Stock: 2003917381
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 60,906 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 692 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ3C34JEJ75091
    Stock: 2003865492
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 54,981 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,572 miles away from Missoula, MT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXYJ3C37JEJ75103
    Stock: 2003661947
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 77 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW X2

Read recent reviews for the BMW X2
Overall Consumer Rating
3.8 out of 5 stars48 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 48 reviews
  • 5 star
    (35%)
  • 4 star
    (33%)
  • 3 star
    (17%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (8%)
5 out of 5 stars

2020 X2 M35i is a blast to drive

BeemerLuv, 01/14/2020
2020 BMW X2 M35i 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
I had a 2016 X1 and to be honest, it was a little disappointing as it was pretty basic and boring to drive. Upgraded to the X2 M35i and the performance engine is a blast to drive! Way more pep and power. I also really like the interior and don't find the smaller rear window to be an issue at all. Overall, it's a perfect city driver (no issues in the snow like the other reviewer). It's … size is just right for tight parking and yet has plenty of cargo room for what I need. The only negatives is the suspension is a little stiff and the brakes a little touchy. But, the rest of it makes up for those two details.
Report abuse

Used 2019 BMW X2 in Missoula, MT Values

Estimated values
2019 BMW X2 xDrive28i 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$17,002$19,272$21,288
Clean$16,643$18,862$20,832
Average$16,045$18,179$20,072
Rough$15,268$17,291$19,083

The average list price of a used 2019 BMW X2 in Missoula, Montana is $24,430. The average mileage on a used BMW X2 2019 for sale in Missoula, Montana is 44,518. Based on the average mileage of 44,518 for used 2019 BMW X2 for sale in Missoula, MT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW X2 2019 in Missoula, Montana to be $16,045.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.