Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,001 listings
    • 43,644 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 15 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Queens Auto Mall (367 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Queens, NY / 367 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    Shop the best deals on hundreds of top quality preowned vehicles right in the heart of Queens, NY only at Queens Auto Mall! This Ford includes: ENGINE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBAX2CM2KKA81282
    Stock: 084398
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

    • 174,705 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Unlimited Motors Elwood (408 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Elwood, IN / 408 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    2019 Shadow Black Ford Passenger Van Transit-350 XL RWD 6-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 3.7L V6 Ti-VCT 24VVisit our website www.iumotors.com to view ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2ZM1KKA41916
    Stock: STK41916T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 143,346 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Koons Annapolis Toyota (182 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Annapolis, MD / 182 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    15-Passenger Seats, 2 Additional Keys (4 Total), 3.73 Axle Ratio, 3rd row seats: split-bench, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 4th-Row Bench Seat, ABS brakes, Air...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2YM8KKB85609
    Stock: KATP190077
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

    • 75,469 miles
    • 4 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Freehold Mitsubishi (329 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Freehold Township, NJ / 329 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBAX2CM2KKA27898
    Stock: KA27898
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-31-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 129,167 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Car2Sell (350 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Hillside, NJ / 350 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    Hop aboard this White 2019 Ford Transit Passenger Wagon and get ready to embark on your next adventure! With a sleek design and spacious interior, thi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2ZM9KKA61718
    Stock: KKA61718
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 28,406 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Family Ford of Enfield (473 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Enfield, CT / 473 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    Contact Family Ford of Enfield today for information on dozens of vehicles like this 2019 Ford Transit Passenger Wagon XL. This Ford includes: PEWTER ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMZK1YM8KKA34110
    Stock: 4110P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 46,992 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • G Motors Old Bridge (336 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Old Bridge, NJ / 336 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    __________________________________________________________________________________G Motors Auto Group has been in business since 2016 with five locati...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2CM3KKA13768
    Stock: OLA13768
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 77,093 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales Rochester (400 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Rochester, NY / 400 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMZK1YM2KKA78989
    Stock: 8GRYHH
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-04-2025

    • 19,937 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Towne Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (370 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Hamburg, NY / 370 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    Please call for availability. (716) 646-5200. Race Red 2019 Ford Transit-150 XLT 3.7L V6 Ti-VCT 24V 6-Speed Automatic with Overdrive RWD ***PERFECT 1 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMZK1YM7KKB04616
    Stock: 31347A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

    • 150,936 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Econo Auto (104 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Spotsylvania, VA / 104 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    2019 Ford Transit-350 12-Passenger Van. We have many other vans available, view our inventory at econo-auto.com. Our address is 6400 Patriot Hwy, Spot...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2CG8KKA77881
    Stock: A77881
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    • 86,171 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Crossroads Ford of Dunn-Benson (148 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Dunn, NC / 148 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    Clean Carfax, Cruise Control w/Message Center, Exterior Upgrade Package, Order Code 302A, Rear air conditioning, Vinyl Sun Visors. 15 Passenger.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBAX2CM6KKA61018
    Stock: T2289F
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 28,142 miles
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Impex Auto Sales (103 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 103 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    NEW ARRIVAL! MORE PICS AND INFO COMING SOON!!!

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBAX2CM1KKA82794
    Stock: 1FV2794
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

    • 84,516 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • City Auto Mitsubishi (415 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 415 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    Vehicle DetailsGet ready to embark on your next adventure with this outstanding 2019 Ford Transit Wagon T-150 Low Roof 60/40 XL! This versatil...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMZK1ZM7KKB40322
    Stock: 509732
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

    • 58,534 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats
    • Huebner Subaru (243 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, OH / 243 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    1-OWNER -- 3.5L ECOBOOST V6 -- 8-PASSENGER -- MEDIUM HIGH ROOF TRANSIT VAN -- HD TRAILER PKG -- RAIN SENSING WIPERS -- VINYL FLOOR COVERING -- POWER D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMZK1CG3KKB22063
    Stock: 71464
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-26-2025

    • 53,919 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • John Megel Ford (322 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, GA / 322 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    "Get ready to embark on your next grand adventure with the incredible Ford Transit Passenger Wagon XLT T-350! This magnificent machine isn't just any ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2ZM3KKA77154
    Stock: P12682
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-11-2025

    • 46,551 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Price Pro (375 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Maumee, OH / 375 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    SYNC 3 with Navigation System, 15 Passenger, Platform Running Boards, Backup Camera Why pay Retail!! When you can buy slightly above wholesale every d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2YM8KKB40251
    Stock: 25161A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 57,331 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 15 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Trust Auto (182 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Sykesville, MD / 182 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    Trust Auto is honored to present a wonderful example of pure vehicle design... this Loaded 2019 Ford Transit T-350 15-Passenger XLT 148''WB Low Roof M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2ZMXKKA75465
    Stock: A75465
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

    • 49,946 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Loudon Motors Ford (253 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Minerva, OH / 253 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.***CRYSTAL CLEAR PRICING***, **HARD TO FIND PASSENGER VAN**, *SYNC 3 WITH NAVIGATION*, *LANE KEEP ASSIST*, 3.73 Axle ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2YM0KKA83771
    Stock: 13296P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

    • 16,024 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • NextGear Motors (114 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 114 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    Visit NextGear Motors online at WWW.NEXTGEARMOTORS.COM to see more pictures of this vehicle and a free Auto-check report. Easy Financing available! Ap...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBAX2CG4KKB15250
    Stock: 15994-A034
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 15,139 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Seelye Kia Battle Creek (466 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Battle Creek, MI / 466 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Ingot Silver 2019 Ford Transit-150 XL 10 Passenger Van RWD 6-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 3.7L V6 Ti-VCT 24VSeelye...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMZK1YM0KKB63216
    Stock: 25B10176
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • 42,836 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 12 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Scenic Chevrolet (283 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in West Union, SC / 283 miles away from Lynchburg, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FBZX2ZMXKKB46261
    Stock: UB46261
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 1,001 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Transit Passenger Van

Read recent reviews for the Ford Transit Passenger Van
Overall Consumer Rating
3.3 out of 5 stars6 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 6 reviews
  • 5 star
    (33%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (17%)
  • 2 star
    (17%)
  • 1 star
    (17%)
1 out of 5 stars

Nowhere to put your left foot!

RobbieRoadRacer, 10/22/2022
2019 Ford Transit Passenger Van 150 XLT Medium Roof 3dr Van (3.7L 6cyl 6A)
The wheel well blocks where one would comfortably put their left foot while driving. The only way to extend your left leg is to put it right beside your right leg. I can not get comfortable driving this van! Also, the rear wheel drive is useless in snow, don't even try! So gutless my accelerator pedal broke off. The side door has dents in it because it's so hard to close properly. The … 2022 model has small cup holders and the back up camera is small and in the dashboard, making it very hard to see.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Ford Transit Passenger Van in Lynchburg, VA Values

Estimated values
2019 Ford Transit Passenger Van 350 XL Medium Roof 3dr Van (3.7L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$23,994$27,897$31,388
Clean$23,298$27,057$30,410
Average$22,137$25,658$28,780
Rough$20,629$23,839$26,661

The average list price of a used 2019 Ford Transit Passenger Van in Lynchburg, Virginia is $30,708. The average mileage on a used Ford Transit Passenger Van 2019 for sale in Lynchburg, Virginia is 68,038. Based on the average mileage of 68,038 for used 2019 Ford Transit Passenger Van for sale in Lynchburg, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Transit Passenger Van 2019 in Lynchburg, Virginia to be $22,137.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.