Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
428 listings
  • $26,998
    great price
    $3,660 below market
    • 23,011 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • CarMax West Sahara (6 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 6 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH0KLA45457
    Stock: 27515115
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $25,303
    great price
    $3,063 below market
    • 46,400 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Pahrump Valley Auto Plaza (47 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Pahrump, NV / 47 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH6KLA62148
    Stock: 8054M
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

  • $21,999
    great price
    $2,975 below market
    • 101,855 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Queen Motorcars (2 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 2 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH8KLA01687
    Stock: 3747
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,998
    fair price
    $772 below market
    • 31,345 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • CarMax Centennial (8 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 8 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH8KLB16355
    Stock: 26457644
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,998
    fair price
    $558 below market
    • 31,122 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • CarMax Centennial (8 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 8 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH6KLA23074
    Stock: 27263327
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $23,525
    good price
    $1,356 below market
    • 72,247 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Hunter Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (199 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lancaster, CA / 199 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH0KLA98286
    Stock: A98286D
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $23,500
    good price
    $1,192 below market
    • 91,879 miles
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Centennial Hyundai (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 10 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH3KLA41966
    Stock: KLA41966T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-01-2025

  • $19,995
    good price
    $1,888 below market
    • 103,857 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Ariana Motors Nellis (4 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 4 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH5KLA38505
    Stock: N5042
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 48,415 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • California Motors Direct Fontana (196 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fontana, CA / 196 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH2KLA30829
    Stock: KLA30829
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

    • 56,881 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Prescott Valley Kia (191 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Prescott Valley, AZ / 191 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH1KLB03350
    Stock: U03350
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

  • $23,998
    good price
    $2,259 below market
    • 35,030 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Diamond Ford (199 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lancaster, CA / 199 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    Clean CARFAX. 110V AC Power Outlet, 6 Speakers, Auto-High Beam Headlamps, Black Tow Hooks, BLIS Blind Spot Information System, Body-Color Wheel-Lip Mo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER1FH6LLA59300
    Stock: 3NE16529DU
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • $23,599
    good price
    $2,606 below market
    • 46,317 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • California Motors Direct Fontana (196 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Fontana, CA / 196 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX.3.73 Axle Ratio, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Speakers, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, AM/FM Stereo, Brake...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH6LLA36165
    Stock: LLA36165A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

    • 94,070 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Los Compadres Auto Center (194 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Bloomington, CA / 194 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH5KLA15726
    Stock: KLA15726
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 60,918 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Ariana Motors Nellis (4 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 4 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH3KLA20407
    Stock: N5123
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $28,728
    fair price
    $199 below market
    • 27,772 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Ford Country (11 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 11 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    #1 Ford Dealer in Nevada. 2020 Ford Ranger XLT Ranger XLT, 4D Crew Cab, EcoBoost 2.3L I4 GTDi DOHC Turbocharged VCT, 10-Speed Automatic, RWD, Lightnin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH4LLA98938
    Stock: P10387
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,000
    good price
    $1,391 below market
    • 44,580 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Sunrise Ford Fontana (196 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Fontana, CA / 196 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    Odometer is 16348 miles below market average! Clean CARFAX. Certified. Ranger XLT, EcoBoost 2.3L I4 GTDi DOHC Turbocharged VCT, 10-Speed Automatic.2...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH2LLA02045
    Stock: V67236
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • $22,499
    fair price
    $22 below market
    • 83,057 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Boktor Motors (5 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 5 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH9LLA03998
    Stock: 259LLA03998
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-22-2025

  • $29,249
    good price
    $1,051 below market
    • 72,551 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Findlay Nissan Henderson (11 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 11 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    Magnetic Metallic 2020 Ford Ranger Lariat 4WD 10-Speed Automatic EcoBoost 2.3L I4 GTDi DOHC Turbocharged VCT 4WD, 4x4 FX4 Off-Road Bodyside Decal, 5" ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH4LLA55134
    Stock: R00041A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-18-2025

  • $34,999
    fair price
    $871 above market
    • 14,711 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Towbin Dodge Ram (11 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 11 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    Welcome to Towbin Dodge, #1 Dodge dealer in the world! This isnt just any used car- it has been handpicked and thoroughly inspected to meet the high s...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4FH5LLA94105
    Stock: P20590
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • $25,998
    fair price
    $112 above market
    • 43,694 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • CarMax Henderson (10 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 10 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH2LLA65629
    Stock: 27706781
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $25,000
    fair price
    $82 below market
    • 43,240 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'1” bed, 2.3l, 4cyl
    • Sunrise Ford Fontana (196 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Fontana, CA / 196 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    Recent Arrival! Odometer is 2609 miles below market average! Clean CARFAX. Certified. Ranger XL, 4D Crew Cab, EcoBoost 2.3L I4 GTDi DOHC Turbocharged ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTER4EH7LLA15308
    Stock: V67700
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 428 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Ranger

Read recent reviews for the Ford Ranger
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars103 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 103 reviews
  • 5 star
    (59%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (9%)
5 out of 5 stars

Ranger vs. Colorado and Gladiator

Mrice, 05/20/2019
2019 Ford Ranger Lariat 4dr Crew Cab 4WD SB (2.3L 4cyl Turbo 10A)
I had a 2017 Colorado crew cab with a long bed and wanted to replace it with something that allowed me to tow my 22 ft RV, but still get into the parking garage. The options I explored were a 2019 short bed Colorado, the Jeep Gladiator, or the Ranger. I ruled out the Gladiator as the turn radius was almost the same as my long bed Colorado - too wide. I liked both the Colorado and the … Ranger. The Colorado seems more planted to the road, with a good ride, but you will not win any races. The Ranger is lighter on its feet with quick acceleration and an incredible turn radius. I went with the Ranger Lariat with the FX4 package. The technology package is impressive compared to the Colorado. Safety features including support for Towing (blind spot extension to trailer), keyless entry, ignition, and lane alerts. In the end I think I bought it because it had all the goodies. I have found the truck to be extremely fun to drive. I now have over 40k miles and still love it. Cons, the brake controller is not included, and the headlights do not auto level. I get flashed a lot when towing my rv at night. No issue towing the weight. The truck has never been under strain and handles hills nicely. Also like how the engine brakes when towing downhill. Mileage with number of rv trips per year is still over 22 mpg. It is very easy to get around town and park and is as fun to drive as the day I got it.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Ford Ranger in Las Vegas, NV Values

Estimated values
2019 Ford Ranger XLT 4dr Crew Cab SB (2.3L 4cyl Turbo 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$18,844$20,674$22,314
Clean$18,445$20,217$21,799
Average$17,781$19,455$20,939
Rough$16,918$18,464$19,822

The average list price of a used 2019 Ford Ranger in Las Vegas, Nevada is $25,394. The average mileage on a used Ford Ranger 2019 for sale in Las Vegas, Nevada is 55,855. Based on the average mileage of 55,855 for used 2019 Ford Ranger for sale in Las Vegas, NV and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Ranger 2019 in Las Vegas, Nevada to be $17,781.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.