Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
120 listings
  • $32,998
    fair price
    $274 above market
    • 13,640 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Tampa (45 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 45 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW63DL07N3P19754
    Stock: 27731985
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 13,106 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana - Tampa (36 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 36 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW43DL06N3N63598
    Stock: 2003906814
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • $24,998
    good price
    $535 below market
    • 20,170 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from KS to FL*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Merriam, KS / 1,057 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C09L3L40649
    Stock: 27209096
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 7,656 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Braman BMW West Palm Beach (165 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 165 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Recent Arrival! Certified.Odometer is 15614 miles below market average! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.MINI Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Roadside As...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW43DL07N3N63450
    Stock: MC-54949A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • 17,179 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to FL*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Escondido, CA / 2,083 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C01L3L49863
    Stock: 27426727
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 20,642 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 875 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C02L3L51766
    Stock: 2004033622
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,590
    fair price
    $1,628 below market
    • 27,392 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,354 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C02M3M15970
    Stock: 2003946247
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • $20,400
    good price
    $1,887 below market
    • 69,386 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Headquarter Honda (96 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Clermont, FL / 96 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    2021 MINI Cooper S Signature 2.0L I4 DOHCPrice excludes Dealer Fee of $995, Electronic Filing Fee of $224.75, Battery Fee of $1.50, Tax and, PRE-AUCTI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C0XM3M64222
    Stock: SS517130A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-22-2025

  • $24,990
    fair price
    $1,315 below market
    • 18,820 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 3cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 971 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ3C01M3M74528
    Stock: 2004025568
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,813
    fair price
    $243 below market
    • 94,531 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Thousand Oaks, CA / 2,185 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,High Demand,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Premium Sound,Satellite Radio,Su...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C05M3M68842
    Stock: M3M68842A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 17,576 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,354 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C04M3M34343
    Stock: 2004041179
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-04-2025

  • $25,561
    fair price
    $218 above market
    • 50,043 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Honda of Gainesville (156 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, FL / 156 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    !!!Nationwide Lifetime Warranty!!! This is a one owner vehicle with a CLEAN CARFAX report.Unleash a burst of fun and iconic style on the streets of G...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW43DL09P3R05970
    Stock: OR05970
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • New Listing
    • 62,226 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Crown Acura (34 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Clearwater, FL / 34 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    All Services Performed On This Vehicle Are Included In Our Online Price!! Crown Acura Does Not Charge Reconditioning Or Certification Fees!!20" GLOSS ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C04M3M55936
    Stock: 92P1192
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

    • 16,511 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Orlando MINI (111 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 111 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Great Low Mileage **Bluetooth** Aux Audio Jack** Satellite/ HD Radio** Smart Device Integration** Collision Mitigation**Backup Camera** Black Alloy Wh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW63DL07P3P50151
    Stock: M5882P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-31-2025

    • 16,498 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl manual
    • Family Kia (184 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Saint Augustine, FL / 184 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    ABOUT THIS VEHICLE 2023 MINI Cooper S FWD 2.0L I4 DOHC Island Blue Metallic 7-Speed AutomaticTHIS VEHICLE IS EQUIPPED WITH:, Backup Camera/ Rearview M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW43DL0XP3P94118
    Stock: 422842A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 28,826 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 812 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C09M3M42843
    Stock: 2003984404
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

    • 39,813 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Lexus of West Kendall (186 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 186 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Selling price excludes $949.00 Pre Delivery Service Fee, $548.00 Electronic Registration Filing Fee and $70.00 Private Tag Agency Fee. This Cooper S i...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWJ5C05M3M36229
    Stock: N36735A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 19,960 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to FL*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 942 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW43DL00N3P13768
    Stock: 27510891
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,122
    great price
    $3,841 below market
    • 30,653 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Taverna INFINITI North Miami (182 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in West Park, FL / 182 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Full dealer inspection and recently serviced. Extended warranties available for full peace of mind. We welcome all third party inspectors on site. We ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW43DL00R3R84531
    Stock: NVR84531
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • $25,046
    good price
    $2,568 below market
    • 15,077 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • INFINITI Of South Miami (191 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Palmetto Bay, FL / 191 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. Island Blue Metallic 2022 MINI Cooper S Classic ONE OWNER, CLEAN CARFAX, 2.0L I4 DOHC, 7-Speed...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW43DL00N3P15696
    Stock: IP15696
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

  • $28,998
    fair price
    $2,111 below market
    • 9,246 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 3cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to FL*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 457 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW23DL08N3N54926
    Stock: 27776637
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 64 - 84 out of 120 listings

Consumer Reviews for the MINI Convertible

Read recent reviews for the MINI Convertible
Overall Consumer Rating
5 out of 5 stars6 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 6 reviews
  • 5 star
    (100%)
  • 4 star
    (0%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Pricey But Fast

Joe Tullos, 09/13/2017
2017 MINI Convertible Cooper S 2dr Convertible (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6M)
Really cool car. Super quick. The attention to detail inside and out is what makes this car worth the extra money compared to the Fiat 500 although the Fiat is a really cool car too. The convertible top works great. Loaded with "features" many of which I'll provably never use. The interior is roomier than it looks. Well laid out instruments and cool mood lighting (one of the features … I didn't need). Our kids are grown, so the back seat is mainly for storage and the occasional friend who wants to go motoring. I drove it on vacation this year ... about 700 miles each way. Handled like a champ. So if you usually only have 2 passenger... want something sporty...and looks cool...this could be the car for you
Report abuse

Used 2022 MINI Convertible in Bradenton, FL Values

Estimated values
2022 MINI Convertible John Cooper Works 2dr Convertible (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$24,844$26,426$28,086
Clean$24,483$25,972$27,530
Average$23,883$25,216$26,602
Rough$23,103$24,233$25,397

The average list price of a used 2022 MINI Convertible in Bradenton, Florida is $27,207. The average mileage on a used MINI Convertible 2022 for sale in Bradenton, Florida is 28,998. Based on the average mileage of 28,998 for used 2022 MINI Convertible for sale in Bradenton, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used MINI Convertible 2022 in Bradenton, Florida to be $23,883.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.