Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
388 listings

$0
Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class rebates in 99163
Check your savings potential before you buy

    • 7,641 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 50 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Spokane (63 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Liberty Lake, WA / 63 miles away from Pullman, WA

    Certified. Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Polar White 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLE GLE 450e 4MATIC® 4D Sport Utility 4MATIC® 9-Speed Automatic 2.0L I4 Turb...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4GB8SB273404
    Stock: 3011T
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $56,395
    fair price
    $1,120 below market
    • 38,539 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (65 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 65 miles away from Pullman, WA

    High Demand,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB6BB5MA475676
    Stock: 475676CC
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $50,998
    fair price
    $1,015 above market
    • 24,006 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Spokane (62 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spokane Valley, WA / 62 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KB2NA768831
    Stock: 27469410
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 61,500 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Ford Tri-Cities (99 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pasco, WA / 99 miles away from Pullman, WA

    Recent Arrival!2021 Mercedes-Benz GLE GLE 450 4MATIC® 4MATIC® 3.0L I6 Turbo BlackSee us today at Corwin Ford Tri-Cities. Family owned for over 100 yea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB5KB3MA395206
    Stock: 6395206
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

    • 69,460 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • GMC of Riverfront Park (62 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 62 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 4-Way Lumbar Support, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8 Speakers, ABS brakes, Aerial for GPS, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KB2LA078204
    Stock: 25G309AA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $58,775
    great price
    $8,070 below market
    • 7,304 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 872 miles away from Pullman, WA

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB4SB275622
    Stock: SB275622S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $59,595
    great price
    $7,250 below market
    • 9,284 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 872 miles away from Pullman, WA

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB5SB273099
    Stock: SB273099S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $81,998
    great price
    $7,860 below market
    • 2,410 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 277 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB6BB7SB327259
    Stock: SB327259L
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 17,003 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 2,275 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4GB1RB230744
    Stock: RB230744P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $30,998
    great price
    $5,236 below market
    • 56,780 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to WA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tolleson, AZ / 955 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4JB5MA370867
    Stock: 26478889
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $52,998
    great price
    $7,161 below market
    • 39,583 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Canoga Park, CA / 870 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB6BB7MA293705
    Stock: 26059831
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $75,986
    great price
    $7,263 below market
    • 5,325 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 2,151 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyle...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB6BB8RB123435
    Stock: L17327T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 23,125 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,439 miles away from Pullman, WA

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KB0NA619169
    Stock: NA619169P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $44,998
    great price
    $4,413 below market
    • 36,684 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 1,059 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB5KB5NA707009
    Stock: 26185149
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $15,677
    great price
    $2,822 below market
    • 94,693 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 2,151 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Sunroof / Moonroof,WiFi Hotspot,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,7-Sp...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5HB3HA849381
    Stock: L17222P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $62,195
    good price
    $4,650 below market
    • 7,017 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 872 miles away from Pullman, WA

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB5SB279422
    Stock: SB279422S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $62,888
    good price
    $3,958 below market
    • 5,017 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 872 miles away from Pullman, WA

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB9SB275650
    Stock: SB275650S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 3,796 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 50 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 277 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4GB6SB320042
    Stock: SB320042L
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $62,990
    good price
    $3,855 below market
    • 5,633 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 872 miles away from Pullman, WA

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB9SB276216
    Stock: SB276216S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $52,998
    good price
    $3,916 below market
    • 20,213 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 2,084 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB0RB054092
    Stock: 27310827
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $49,758
    good price
    $4,026 below market
    • 23,062 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 2,151 miles away from Pullman, WA

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB5KE6NA690599
    Stock: L17238P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 388 listings

Buying a Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class in Pullman Washington

The Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class stands out as an excellent choice for residents in Pullman, WA, thanks to its spacious and upscale interior, which is perfect for accommodating families and outdoor enthusiasts alike. With its impressive cargo space, you can easily transport gear for trips to nearby parks or the beautiful Palouse region. The GLE's excellent outward visibility enhances safety and confidence when navigating through both city streets and scenic rural roads, making it equally adept at handling Pullman’s diverse driving environments.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.