Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
791 listings
  • Price Drop
    $29,995
    great price
    $3,516 below market
    • 35,078 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM FIAT of Springfield (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 5 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat is pleased to offer this. Jeep Grand Cherokee L that is well equipped and includes these key features and benefits...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG7M8204764
    Stock: 3204764
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,883
    great price
    $2,421 below market
    • 21,186 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM FIAT of Springfield (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 5 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Recent Arrival! Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat is pleased to offer this. Jeep Grand Cherokee L that is well equipped and includes these key featu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG9N8635270
    Stock: 3635270
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,000
    great price
    $2,498 below market
    • 29,004 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM FIAT of Springfield (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 5 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Recent Arrival! Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat is pleased to offer this. Jeep Grand Cherokee L that is well equipped and includes these key featu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG7N8598591
    Stock: 3598591
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,462
    great price
    $2,300 below market
    • 30,147 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM FIAT of Springfield (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 5 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Recent Arrival! Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat is pleased to offer this. Jeep Grand Cherokee L that is well equipped and includes these key featu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKAG7N8578584
    Stock: 3578584
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,500
    good price
    $1,419 below market
    • 23,754 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM FIAT of Springfield (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 5 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Recent Arrival! Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat is pleased to offer this. Jeep Grand Cherokee L that is well equipped and includes these key featu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKAG8N8629056
    Stock: 3629056
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 18,899 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM FIAT of Springfield (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 5 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat is pleased to offer this. Jeep Grand Cherokee L that is well equipped and includes these key features and benefits...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKAG9N8554013
    Stock: 3554013
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,435
    good price
    $1,402 below market
    • 26,557 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM FIAT of Springfield (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 5 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Recent Arrival! Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat is pleased to offer this. Jeep Grand Cherokee L that is well equipped and includes these key featu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG4N8623737
    Stock: 3623737
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,500
    fair price
    $823 below market
    • 38,452 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Jimmy Michel Motors (30 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Aurora, MO / 30 miles away from Springfield, MO

    2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Altitude 4D Sport Utility ***** 2 Free Oil Changes and 2 Free Tire Rotations ***** 115V Auxiliary Power Outlet, 3rd Row Cha...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKAG8P8893977
    Stock: 893977
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $32,899
    good price
    $1,343 below market
    • 33,894 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM FIAT of Springfield (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 5 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Recent Arrival! Corwin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat is pleased to offer this. Jeep Grand Cherokee L that is well equipped and includes these key featu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG3N8587538
    Stock: 3587538
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • $32,680
    great price
    $4,611 below market
    • 18,978 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 1,439 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG4N8590402
    Stock: N8590402C
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • New Listing
    $26,847
    great price
    $6,824 below market
    • 37,688 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Wesley Chapel, FL / 894 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated St...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG4M8106002
    Stock: M106002P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $30,972
    great price
    $4,399 below market
    • 12,109 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ann Arbor, MI / 610 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Low Mileage,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG2M8119024
    Stock: M8119024P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    $34,870
    great price
    $4,235 below market
    • 26,109 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mission Viejo, CA / 1,388 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG1R8591092
    Stock: R11904
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $46,026
    great price
    $4,566 below market
    • 27,229 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cranberry, PA / 751 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Cooled Seats,Hands-Free Li...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKET4P8771544
    Stock: T771544P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $36,736
    great price
    $4,647 below market
    • 11,633 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 525 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Ass...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG2R8554679
    Stock: R8554679A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    $30,480
    great price
    $2,792 below market
    • 41,386 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 1,439 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKAG4N8563699
    Stock: N8563699C
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • $30,480
    great price
    $3,345 below market
    • 28,552 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 1,439 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steerin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBGXM8196577
    Stock: M8196577C
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    $25,970
    great price
    $2,954 below market
    • 47,521 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 492 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,WiFi Hotspot,3rd Row Seat,4-Wheel Di...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKAG5P8886114
    Stock: P8886114P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    $35,980
    good price
    $3,363 below market
    • 16,311 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 1,439 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyles...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG8P8878961
    Stock: P8878961C
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    $36,990
    great price
    $4,272 below market
    • 14,488 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, MO / 145 miles away from Springfield, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKBG4R8537060
    Stock: 2003697356
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $32,686
    great price
    $3,087 below market
    • 10,739 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Don Vance Ford (22 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Marshfield, MO / 22 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Thank you for taking the time to look at this good-looking 2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee L.2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Laredo 4WD 8-Speed Automatic Diamond ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4RJKAG2R8500106
    Stock: 3078R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 791 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.