Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
266 listings
  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    $17,995
    good price
    $1,159 below market
    • 59,487 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Motor Cars of Chicago (478 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Joliet, IL / 478 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN3L7625924
    Stock: 6949
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 52,906 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Cleveland (486 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 486 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN2L7630276
    Stock: 2003868386
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

    • 68,003 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Jacksonville (389 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 389 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN7L7639020
    Stock: 2002846081
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 45,259 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Cleveland (486 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 486 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN2L7633663
    Stock: 2003904456
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

    • 42,845 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • McCluskey Chevrolet (299 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 299 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    Call McCluskey Chevrolet at 513-741-1111 to schedule your Free 48 Hour Test Drive.MCCLUSKEY CHEVROLET'S FREE LIFETIME MECHANICAL WARRANTY Unlimited ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANAN3L7624102
    Stock: A57754HS
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-28-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,790
    fair price
    $515 above market
    • 65,681 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Murphy Motor Company (380 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 380 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN7L7626493
    Stock: 626493
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 32,766 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Atlanta Best Used Cars (98 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 98 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMBN0L7630867
    Stock: L7630867-221
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,500
    good price
    $2,453 below market
    • 45,877 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Hanna Imports (379 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 379 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    Carfax Accident Free, Leather Seats, Bluetooth, Backup Camera, AWD, Cold Weather Package, Colored Brake Calipers, Dual-Pane Sunroof, Gloss Black Shark...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANAN0K7607451
    Stock: 3021625A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,171
    good price
    $467 below market
    • 20,809 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Bob Caldwell Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (369 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 369 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    Only 20,791 Miles! Delivers 31 Highway MPG and 23 City MPG! This Alfa Romeo Giulia delivers a Intercooled Turbo Premium Unleaded I-4 2.0 L/122 engine...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN1M7649452
    Stock: 47069
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • $23,300
    fair price
    $12 above market
    • 35,010 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Napleton's River Oaks Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (468 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lansing, IL / 468 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    2021 Alfa Romeo Giulia Ti I4 AWD Silverstone Gray Metallic 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8 Speakers, ABS brakes, Active Assist 2 Package Ti, Active Blind Spot ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN7M7649567
    Stock: PML15297
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

    • 59,355 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Florida (394 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 394 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    WIRELESS CHARGING PAD, WHEELS: 19" X 8.0" MIRON Y-SPOKE ALUMINUM -inc: Tires: 225/40R19 AS Performance, VULCANO BLACK METALLIC, TIRES: 225/40R19 AS PE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMBN6M7640076
    Stock: 19489S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

    • 56,617 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • Carvana - Richmond (464 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Heated Seats
    • Dual-Pane Sun Roof
    • Backup Camera
    • Blind-Spot Warning
    • Keyless Entry
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 464 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANAN0K7603092
    Stock: 2003837820
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • $40,990
    fair price
    $1,087 above market
    • 51,033 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Atlanta (100 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 100 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMEV7K7604082
    Stock: 2003872038
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

    • 63,833 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Indianapolis (331 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 331 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN4K7600663
    Stock: 2003806554
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $13,599
    fair price
    $442 above market
    • 114,010 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carolina Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (269 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Lugoff, SC / 269 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    Recent Arrival! 24/33 City/Highway MPGVehicle pricing does not include South Carolina Infrastructure Maintenance Fee of up to $500, SCDMV tag and ti...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN7K7598631
    Stock: J10585A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • New Listing
    $18,920
    fair price
    $918 above market
    • 55,423 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • ALM Marietta (89 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 89 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    2019 Alfa Romeo Giulia RWD 8-Speed Automatic I4Recent Arrival!FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE CALL OUR SPECIALISTS AT 678-621-2977. WE ARE OPEN 7 DAY...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN0K7621988
    Stock: K7621988
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,820
    fair price
    $267 above market
    • 57,021 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • ALM Kia South (111 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Union City, GA / 111 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    COLD WEATHER PACKAGE - ADE..8.8" RADIO W/SIRIUSXM PACKAGE - ANB..QUICK ORDER PACKAGE 22L - 22L..WHEELS: 19" X 8.0" Y-SPOKE ALUMINUM..DUAL-PANE SUNROOF...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN4K7607365
    Stock: K7607365
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-23-2025

    • 46,042 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • ALM Gwinnett (99 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Duluth, GA / 99 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    Ti SPORTS..PANORAMIC..BACKUP CAMERA..HEATED SEATS..BLIND SPOT..BLUETOOTH..SMART DEVICE INTEGRATION..KEYLESS ENTRY..2021 ALFA ROMEO GIULIA TI SPORTS..R...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMBN1M7649414
    Stock: NF461118B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

    • 43,300 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Birmingham (136 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 136 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANAN4K7605573
    Stock: 2003899036
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,260
    great price
    $5,361 below market
    • 21,315 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Napleton's Volkswagen Of Sanford (494 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sanford, FL / 494 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    2022 Alfa Romeo Giulia Veloce Certified by Carfax - No Accidents, Certified by Carfax - One Owner, Android Auto / Apple Car Play, Backup Camera, Bluet...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMBN2N7663078
    Stock: PME3078
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $16,745
    good price
    $1,321 below market
    • 70,005 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • GW Trucks (393 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 393 miles away from Chattanooga, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN6M7645588
    Stock: 11181
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 266 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Alfa Romeo Giulia

Read recent reviews for the Alfa Romeo Giulia
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars36 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 36 reviews
  • 5 star
    (72%)
  • 4 star
    (25%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4 out of 5 stars

Special car

Alan, 09/22/2018
2019 Alfa Romeo Giulia Ti Sport 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
One of the best handing drive when compared to the 3 series and C class that I owned previously. I got the sport ti with the sport suspension. The car has almost no body roll yet the ride felt very comfortable. Not overly stiff. I think Alfa did a great job with the suspension and power for the car.
Report abuse

Used 2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia in Chattanooga, TN Values

Estimated values
2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$15,190$16,846$18,444
Clean$14,853$16,462$18,011
Average$14,292$15,820$17,289
Rough$13,562$14,987$16,351

The average list price of a used 2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia in Chattanooga, Tennessee is $22,626. The average mileage on a used Alfa Romeo Giulia 2020 for sale in Chattanooga, Tennessee is 52,695. Based on the average mileage of 52,695 for used 2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia for sale in Chattanooga, TN and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Alfa Romeo Giulia 2020 in Chattanooga, Tennessee to be $14,292.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.