Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
173 listings
    • 75,106 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Houston (25 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 25 miles away from Spring, TX

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new pair of tires! Sun/MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row SeatKeyless S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE7HA842432
    Stock: HA842432
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-13-2025

    • 79,675 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Bayway Cadillac Southwest (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 25 miles away from Spring, TX

    This 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS GLS 450 is loaded with the following Factory Options:19" x 8.5J Twin 5-Spoke Wheels, 3.27 Axle Ratio, 3rd row seats: split...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE9HA902915
    Stock: SP2325
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

    • 101,056 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Gillman Acura (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 6 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EEXHA834995
    Stock: A251249A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-17-2025

    • 112,656 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Car Stars Houston (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 13 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE0HA903127
    Stock: 903127
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 81,110 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • I Drive Auto Sales (22 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 22 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE3HA930734
    Stock: 930734
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 81,025 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • R&T Expo (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 21 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EEXHA760624
    Stock: 760624
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 148,284 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Houston North (7 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 7 miles away from Spring, TX

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes! Sun/Moonroof3rd Row SeatKeyless StartRear SpoilerThis vehicle includ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EEXJB050591
    Stock: JB050591
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

    • 69,263 miles
    • Water damage reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • America's Xtreme Auto (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 27 miles away from Spring, TX

    WHAT IS A BRANDED TITLE? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djssRiZ0q_s We Can Finance! We Take Trade IN-S! CALL US AT 832-553-0010 Car comes with 2 mont...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE8JB007519
    Stock: 21809
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-06-2025

    • 95,008 miles
    • Water damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • America's Xtreme Auto (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 27 miles away from Spring, TX

    WHAT IS A BRANDED TITLE? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djssRiZ0q_s We Can Finance! We Take Trade IN-S! CALL US AT 832-553-0010 Car comes with 2 mont...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE9JB154862
    Stock: 21517
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-28-2024

    • 81,956 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (23 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 23 miles away from Spring, TX

    3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Remote Start,Sunroof / Moonroof,Turbo/Supercharged,WiFi Hotspot,3rd Row ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE1KB227272
    Stock: KB227272A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 79,740 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Spring (6 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 6 miles away from Spring, TX

    Premium 1 PackageDesigno Diamond White MetallicLighting PackageAppearance PackagePanorama RoofHarman/Kardon Logic7 Surround Sound SystemDual Moo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE7KB228250
    Stock: KB228250
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

    • 87,785 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Nexcar (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 6 miles away from Spring, TX

    LET'S DEAL *HASSLE FREE PRICING **YOU MUST ASK FOR THE INTERNET SALES DEPARTMENT TO GET THIS PRICING WHICH IS THE CASH PRICE OR TO MAKE AN OFF...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE7KB228359
    Stock: KB228359
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

    • 64,423 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • DN Motor Cars (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 25 miles away from Spring, TX

    Please Note: We do not offer shipping services due to liability concerns. All vehicle purchases require in-person pickup or shipping arrangements made...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE2HA879462
    Stock: DN879462
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

    • 120,140 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Archer Kia (26 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 26 miles away from Spring, TX

    Check out this 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS GLS 450 before someone takes it home!*Get Your Money's Worth for this Mercedes-Benz GLS with These Options *Wind...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EEXHA910375
    Stock: 090092A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

    • 109,937 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Heights Motor Credit (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 16 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE5HA745027
    Stock: 745027
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

    • 77,097 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Kayalar Motors (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 13 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE2HA831508
    Stock: 4596
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • New Listing
    • 155,991 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Best Ride Auto Sale (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 23 miles away from Spring, TX

    2017 MERCEDES-BENZ GLS 450 ALL WHEEL DRIVE 155K SUPER CLEAN RUN AND DRIVE VERY GOOD VERY NICE SUV 3 SEATS 2 KEYS BLACK AND BLACK 8**-9**-2***

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE5HA768811
    Stock: 768811
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2025

    • 78,864 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • American Auto (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 25 miles away from Spring, TX

    Non-smoker owner, Vehicle Runs Well, Smooth ride, Family friendly, Spotless interior, Arctic cold a/c, Drives great, Great first ride, Mint Condition,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE2HA755398
    Stock: P755398
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 106,664 miles
    • 3 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Kayalar Motors (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 13 miles away from Spring, TX

    Kayalar Motors Kayalar Motors 16230 FM 529 Road Houston, TX 77095 8**-3**-7*** Great mechanical and cosmetic condition. Clean title vehicle.Key featur...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE4HA742667
    Stock: 4158
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-23-2024

  • New Listing
    • 69,939 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 131 miles away from Spring, TX

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premium Sou...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE1HA967698
    Stock: HA967698A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 65,976 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 802 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE6HA755694
    Stock: 2003883798
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 173 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars18 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 18 reviews
  • 5 star
    (56%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (17%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

It's the road trip king

S. Shows, 07/05/2016
2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class GLS 550 4MATIC 4dr SUV AWD (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 9A)
Traded in my 2014 GL 450 for the 2017 GLS 550. The GL was the best SUV that I have owned (Range Rover, Navigator, Yukon Denali XL). On the surface the GLS seemed to be very similar, but I have found it to be more comfortable with an even better ride. The seat comfort (in the front) is a step up from the GL. Operating this SUV is a pleasurable experience akin to driving a large … automobile. I don't need the third row seats as often as I did (kids are grown), but the rear space is fantastic. I especially like the lockable under floor storage in the rear. The programmable driving modes are a nice feature as is the steering assistant. I also got the off-road package this time with the extra height adjustment and the low-range feature. This gives you some undercarriage protection and low-end torque that the standard 4 matic does not have. The 550 has quite a bit more power than the 450 did. The 9 speed automatic transmission is very smooth. The technology is great however, the ECO engine cutoff is automatically activated even time you start the vehicle, or when changing the driving mode. If you dislike this feature, you have to remember to manually de-activate it every time you start up. The interior has been upgraded a bit, but still needs to be more like the S-Class. Although the new center screen is bright and easy to read. GL's was a bit small. It is more at home on the highway than my Range Rover was and more comfortable. It's too early to tell about the reliability yet, but my previous GL was outstanding in that department. With the cost at around $100k, the GLS 450 is probably a better value. The 550 represents about $20k worth of extra horsepower, leather seating and bells & whistles. If I still had kids to haul around, I would have gotten another 450.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class in Spring, TX Values

Estimated values
2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class GLS 550 4MATIC 4dr SUV AWD (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$19,241$20,582$21,619
Clean$18,702$19,979$20,958
Average$17,805$18,974$19,856
Rough$16,639$17,668$18,423

The average list price of a used 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class in Spring, Texas is $20,742. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class 2017 for sale in Spring, Texas is 92,462. Based on the average mileage of 92,462 for used 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class for sale in Spring, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class 2017 in Spring, Texas to be $17,805.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.