Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
267 listings
  • New Listing
    $31,997
    great price
    $4,949 below market
    • 71,370 miles
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Car Lux Inc (110 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lennox, CA / 110 miles away from San Diego, CA

    Recent Arrival! Odometer is 19604 miles below market average! Clean CARFAX.Family owned. Over 20 years serving the community!.*** CLEAN TITLE *** CLEA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7FE4HA784664
    Stock: 225478
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $18,345
    great price
    $2,780 below market
    • 76,958 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Karplus Warehouse (129 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Pacoima, CA / 129 miles away from San Diego, CA

    2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS GLS 450 4MATIC SUV...CAPITAL ONE AUTO FINANCE PREFERRED DEALER...Wholesale Prices Available to Public now! Hurry these amazing ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE2HA897850
    Stock: D897850
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • $17,939
    great price
    $3,973 below market
    • 132,908 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Seven Automotive Group (106 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bell, CA / 106 miles away from San Diego, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE1HA879489
    Stock: 879489
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $28,995
    good price
    $2,049 below market
    • 53,140 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Simpson Buick GMC (93 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Buena Park, CA / 93 miles away from San Diego, CA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Black **Fresh Oil Change**, Air Balance Package, harman/kardon® Logic 7® Surround Sound System, Navigation Map Updates Included for ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE4HA819495
    Stock: 359087A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • $28,998
    good price
    $2,190 below market
    • 94,521 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Car Lux Inc (110 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lennox, CA / 110 miles away from San Diego, CA

    Clean CARFAX.Family owned. Over 20 years serving the community!.*** CLEAN TITLE *** CLEAN CARFAX *** 22'' AMG WHEELS *** AMG CARBON FIBER LACQUER TRIM...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7FE6HA798713
    Stock: 225392
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,990
    fair price
    $750 above market
    • 89,024 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Palladium Autos (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Anaheim, CA / 91 miles away from San Diego, CA

    2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS GLS 450 Sport Utility 4D??FINANCE AVAILABLE????WE TAKE TRADES????Mileage: 89,024??Vin: 4JGDF6EE9HA970101??www.palladium-autos.c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE9HA970101
    Stock: 970101
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 77,194 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Anaheim (87 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Anaheim, CA / 87 miles away from San Diego, CA

    Sunroof, NAV, 3rd Row Seat, Heated Seats, Full-Time 4MATIC® All-Wheel, Tow Hitch, Power Liftgate, AIR BALANCE PACKAGE, PARKING ASSIST PACKAGE, ACCESSO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE1HA883485
    Stock: HA883485
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

    • 57,585 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Irvine (72 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Irvine, CA / 72 miles away from San Diego, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE4HA746315
    Stock: 27718036
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 82,625 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Top Notch Auto Sales (53 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Temecula, CA / 53 miles away from San Diego, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE9HA745905
    Stock: MC104200
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 96,757 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Palladium Autos (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Anaheim, CA / 91 miles away from San Diego, CA

    2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS GLS 450 Sport Utility 4D??FINANCE AVAILABLE????WE TAKE TRADES????Mileage: 96,653??Vin: 4JGDF6EE1HA790546??www.palladium-autos.c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE1HA790546
    Stock: 790546
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $20,700
    great price
    $3,284 below market
    • 114,272 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Valencia (143 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Valencia, CA / 143 miles away from San Diego, CA

    GLS 550 4MATIC®, 4D Sport Utility, 4.7L V8 BiTurbo, 9-Speed Automatic, 4MATIC®, Polar White, Black w/Leather Upholstery, 14 Speakers, 3.27 Axle Ratio,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE6JB035173
    Stock: 4P2040
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • $23,999
    fair price
    $189 above market
    • 65,039 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • New PBB Auto (94 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in San Bernardino, CA / 94 miles away from San Diego, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE0HA805716
    Stock: 2330
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,788
    fair price
    $998 above market
    • 92,298 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Motors (94 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Buena Park, CA / 94 miles away from San Diego, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE0HA839087
    Stock: N839087
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,999
    good price
    $2,390 below market
    • 89,865 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Major Motor Cars (120 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Santa Monica, CA / 120 miles away from San Diego, CA

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Please visit us at www.MajorMotorCars.com or call us (888) 841-4094. We offer low rates for financing. We work w...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE9JA996218
    Stock: 25127
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • New Listing
    • 49,459 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carbeeco (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Costa Mesa, CA / 79 miles away from San Diego, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EEXHA801656
    Stock: R801656
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $21,999
    good price
    $1,735 below market
    • 116,226 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Royal Auto Dealer (98 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Montclair, CA / 98 miles away from San Diego, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DEXJB093626
    Stock: 093626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $14,250
    great price
    $2,168 below market
    • 128,710 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 1,960 miles away from San Diego, CA

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Remote Start,Sunroof / Moonroof,Turbo/Supercharged,3rd Row Sea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE6HA916108
    Stock: HA916108T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 95,798 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Palladium Autos (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Anaheim, CA / 91 miles away from San Diego, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE4JB127231
    Stock: 127231
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $10,995
    great price
    $2,329 below market
    • 145,031 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • California Auto Finance Group (97 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Fontana, CA / 97 miles away from San Diego, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE6HA908929
    Stock: 908929
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

    • 100,873 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Platinum Sales and Services (86 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norco, CA / 86 miles away from San Diego, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE1JB140583
    Stock: 140583
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $22,490
    good price
    $2,544 below market
    • 99,276 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Autohighway (125 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sun Valley, CA / 125 miles away from San Diego, CA

    Autohighway, Inc. is a trusted used car reseller located in Los Angeles, California, proudly serving our community and beyond since 2007. We take grea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE0HA745492
    Stock: 250337
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 267 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars18 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 18 reviews
  • 5 star
    (56%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (17%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

It's the road trip king

S. Shows, 07/05/2016
2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class GLS 550 4MATIC 4dr SUV AWD (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 9A)
Traded in my 2014 GL 450 for the 2017 GLS 550. The GL was the best SUV that I have owned (Range Rover, Navigator, Yukon Denali XL). On the surface the GLS seemed to be very similar, but I have found it to be more comfortable with an even better ride. The seat comfort (in the front) is a step up from the GL. Operating this SUV is a pleasurable experience akin to driving a large … automobile. I don't need the third row seats as often as I did (kids are grown), but the rear space is fantastic. I especially like the lockable under floor storage in the rear. The programmable driving modes are a nice feature as is the steering assistant. I also got the off-road package this time with the extra height adjustment and the low-range feature. This gives you some undercarriage protection and low-end torque that the standard 4 matic does not have. The 550 has quite a bit more power than the 450 did. The 9 speed automatic transmission is very smooth. The technology is great however, the ECO engine cutoff is automatically activated even time you start the vehicle, or when changing the driving mode. If you dislike this feature, you have to remember to manually de-activate it every time you start up. The interior has been upgraded a bit, but still needs to be more like the S-Class. Although the new center screen is bright and easy to read. GL's was a bit small. It is more at home on the highway than my Range Rover was and more comfortable. It's too early to tell about the reliability yet, but my previous GL was outstanding in that department. With the cost at around $100k, the GLS 450 is probably a better value. The 550 represents about $20k worth of extra horsepower, leather seating and bells & whistles. If I still had kids to haul around, I would have gotten another 450.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class in San Diego, CA Values

Estimated values
2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class GLS 63 AMG 4dr SUV AWD (5.5L 8cyl Turbo 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,861$29,413$31,379
Clean$26,109$28,552$30,420
Average$24,857$27,116$28,820
Rough$23,228$25,250$26,741

The average list price of a used 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class in San Diego, California is $21,751. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class 2017 for sale in San Diego, California is 91,854. Based on the average mileage of 91,854 for used 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class for sale in San Diego, CA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class 2017 in San Diego, California to be $24,857.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.