Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
887 listings
    • 114,674 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Sonydam Auto Sales (342 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 342 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE2HA868641
    Stock: S00-802
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-01-2024

  • New Listing
    • 56,693 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Capital Boulevard (435 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 435 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE3KB232800
    Stock: 27265918
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 53,005 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 819 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7FE9HA928967
    Stock: 27349399
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 93,699 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Oldham Motor Company (442 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Wake Forest, NC / 442 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE1HA740522
    Stock: 3949
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-12-2025

    • 120,199 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • J and S Auto Group (454 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Louisburg, NC / 454 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE4HA911165
    Stock: MERZ911165
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-25-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 146,158 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Team Autoplex (395 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houma, LA / 395 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE6HA970198
    Stock: 970198
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-19-2024

    • 107,792 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Star Lawrenceville (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceville, GA / 116 miles away from Columbus, GA

    We offer a variety of vehicles with all kinds of financing options.Call Tio at 7**-4**-8*** to test drive from our 300 + cars in stock.@ No credit, Ba...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: Yes

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE9HA860617
    Stock: S25131
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

    • 114,199 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Knoxville (242 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 242 miles away from Columbus, GA

    GLS 450 trim, $76870 ORIGINAL MSRP, NICE EQUIPMENT, Iridium Silver Metallic exterior and Black interior. Full-Time 4MATIC® All-Wheel, Aluminum Wheels,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EEXHA866099
    Stock: TS220A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

    • 105,591 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Ross Downing Chevrolet (353 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hammond, LA / 353 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Silver 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS GLS 550 4MATIC 4MATIC 9-Speed Automatic 4.7L V8 BiTurbo 3rd row seats: split-bench, Apple CarPlay /Android Auto , ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DEXHA805794
    Stock: F8151C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

    • 114,714 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Rick Hendrick Jeep Chrysler Dodge Ram (287 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in North Charleston, SC / 287 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Third Row Seat, Heated Seats, Moonroof, Nav System, Power Liftgate, Full-Time 4MATIC All-Wheel, Turbo Charged Engine, Aluminum Wheels, Hitch, PREMIUM ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE6HA905304
    Stock: S10161A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

    • 99,974 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Triad Automall (365 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Winston-Salem, NC / 365 miles away from Columbus, GA

    We are Triad Automall; We offer the best deals in town! At Triad Automall we only sell quality lightly used vehicles. We have the best selection of us...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE5HA809986
    Stock: 809986
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $39,495
    great price
    $6,385 below market
    • 56,870 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Mac Haik Chevrolet Madison (300 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Madison, MS / 300 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Beautiful White 2020 Mercedes-Benz GLS GLS 450 4MATIC® 4MATIC® 9-Speed Automatic V6 CARFAX 1-OWNER!This 2020 Mercedes-Benz GLS GLS 450 in Whit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFF5KE4LA290378
    Stock: MC90378W
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 115,691 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Classic Luxury Motors (125 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Buford, GA / 125 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE0HA873067
    Stock: 067Eha
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 77,179 miles
    • 3 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Exotic Luxury Autos (141 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, GA / 141 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE2HA952524
    Stock: 952524
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $22,000
    great price
    $4,521 below market
    • 114,172 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Tom Gray Auto Sales (401 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 401 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Jump behind the wheel of this sleek Black 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLS and experience the power of the 4.7L Biturbo V8 engine! Embrace the thrill of the roa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE8JB136599
    Stock: 3135
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 115,391 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Ethan Hunt Automotive (229 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Mobile, AL / 229 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE9HA756757
    Stock: M756757
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 87,534 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carolina EV (293 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Gastonia, NC / 293 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EEXHA812124
    Stock: 812124
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2024

    • 92,000 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • ATS of SWFL (449 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 449 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7FE9HA771344
    Stock: 771344
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,198
    great price
    $3,733 below market
    • 91,498 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Troncalli Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (127 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cumming, GA / 127 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2020 Mercedes-Benz GLS 450 4MATIC® CARFAX One-Owner. ** Bluetooth, ** Backup Camera, ** Apple Car Play / Android Auto, 13 Speakers, 3.27 Axle Ratio, 3...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFF5KE4LA183413
    Stock: TQ1022
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

    • 96,917 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • JT Auto Group (386 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Sanford, NC / 386 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS 450 4MATIC *3RD SEAT, *4WHEEL DRIVE, *BLUE TOOTH READY, *ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEM, *HEATED SEATS, *KEYLESS ENTRY, *LEATHER SEATS, *...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE2HA773819
    Stock: J3393
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 107,394 miles
    • Theft reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • 4042 Motorsports (422 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Willow Spring, NC / 422 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE9HA813238
    Stock: D-4766
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

Showing 127 - 147 out of 887 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars18 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 18 reviews
  • 5 star
    (56%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (17%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

It's the road trip king

S. Shows, 07/05/2016
2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class GLS 550 4MATIC 4dr SUV AWD (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 9A)
Traded in my 2014 GL 450 for the 2017 GLS 550. The GL was the best SUV that I have owned (Range Rover, Navigator, Yukon Denali XL). On the surface the GLS seemed to be very similar, but I have found it to be more comfortable with an even better ride. The seat comfort (in the front) is a step up from the GL. Operating this SUV is a pleasurable experience akin to driving a large … automobile. I don't need the third row seats as often as I did (kids are grown), but the rear space is fantastic. I especially like the lockable under floor storage in the rear. The programmable driving modes are a nice feature as is the steering assistant. I also got the off-road package this time with the extra height adjustment and the low-range feature. This gives you some undercarriage protection and low-end torque that the standard 4 matic does not have. The 550 has quite a bit more power than the 450 did. The 9 speed automatic transmission is very smooth. The technology is great however, the ECO engine cutoff is automatically activated even time you start the vehicle, or when changing the driving mode. If you dislike this feature, you have to remember to manually de-activate it every time you start up. The interior has been upgraded a bit, but still needs to be more like the S-Class. Although the new center screen is bright and easy to read. GL's was a bit small. It is more at home on the highway than my Range Rover was and more comfortable. It's too early to tell about the reliability yet, but my previous GL was outstanding in that department. With the cost at around $100k, the GLS 450 is probably a better value. The 550 represents about $20k worth of extra horsepower, leather seating and bells & whistles. If I still had kids to haul around, I would have gotten another 450.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class in Columbus, GA Values

Estimated values
2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class GLS 450 4MATIC 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$13,225$16,037$18,190
Clean$12,855$15,568$17,634
Average$12,238$14,785$16,707
Rough$11,436$13,767$15,501

The average list price of a used 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class in Columbus, Georgia is $26,451. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class 2017 for sale in Columbus, Georgia is 99,112. Based on the average mileage of 99,112 for used 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class for sale in Columbus, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class 2017 in Columbus, Georgia to be $12,238.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.