Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,496 listings
  • New Listing
    $18,590
    fair price
    $681 above market
    • 51,147 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Albuquerque, NM / 940 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2CY1G0870056
    Stock: 2003873228
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • $14,998
    fair price
    $792 below market
    • 90,300 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TN*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 1,559 miles away from Memphis, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2DY5G0856532
    Stock: 27029186
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 75,705 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 424 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2CY5G0711265
    Stock: 2004013022
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-26-2025

  • New Listing
    $17,998
    fair price
    $145 above market
    • 54,238 miles
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to TN*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 344 miles away from Memphis, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2CY7G0668516
    Stock: 27837082
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 95,575 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,248 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2CY3E0326378
    Stock: 2003937885
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-05-2025

    • 104,129 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 710 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4CY9E0379436
    Stock: 2003968749
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 65,986 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 665 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2CY0G0628911
    Stock: 2004032006
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-04-2025

    • 45,867 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 420 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4DY6G0867261
    Stock: 2003923609
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

    • 59,502 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Seattle, WA / 1,864 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2CY8G0812204
    Stock: 2004008906
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-28-2025

    • 50,452 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 420 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4DY3G0665056
    Stock: 2003862884
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

    • 72,801 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,261 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2CY4G0873632
    Stock: 2003950555
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-08-2025

    • 46,949 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 710 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2DY0E0355478
    Stock: 2003954049
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-12-2025

    • 88,056 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 408 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2DY5E0340314
    Stock: 2003928411
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 103,175 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 424 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4BY5G0794760
    Stock: 2003954847
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-03-2025

    • 85,923 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 633 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4CY2G0637377
    Stock: 2003973095
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-09-2025

    • 95,538 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 489 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4CY2G0886195
    Stock: 2003947137
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-04-2025

    • 91,612 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 420 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4DY7G0834561
    Stock: 2003938818
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-09-2025

    • 57,068 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 509 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4DY5G0878459
    Stock: 2003943855
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-02-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $15,977
    fair price
    $509 above market
    • 96,272 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • JP Sides Mazda (151 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cape Girardeau, MO / 151 miles away from Memphis, TN

    EquipmentEngulf yourself with the crystal clear sound of a BOSE sound system in this Mazda CX-5. Bluetooth technology is built into the Mazda CX-5, ke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4DYXG0883530
    Stock: N5650A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-06-2025

  • New Listing
    $17,990
    fair price
    $748 above market
    • 67,092 miles
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,248 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2CY3G0848608
    Stock: 2004089356
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-23-2025

  • $12,252
    fair price
    $229 below market
    • 122,218 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Troy, NY / 1,019 miles away from Memphis, TN

    CarFax 1-Owner,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Premium Sound,Sunroof / Moonroof,Power Door Locks,Brake Assist,F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4CY1G0628735
    Stock: G0628735P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 85 - 105 out of 1,496 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-5

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-5
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars76 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 76 reviews
  • 5 star
    (46%)
  • 4 star
    (24%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
4 out of 5 stars

Great, until the 2017 was released

suziesivlerado, 12/25/2014
2015 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl 6A)
Dec 2014- I just traded in a 2015 Accord sedan (which had multiple problems) for the 2015 CX-5. I prefer the style and drive of Mazda models. The seats in the CX5 are supportive and comfortable (apart from the head restraint which is not comfortable for short people) The Bose system sounds fine to me--not great-- but good enough. The interior noise level (I checked with a decibel … meter) is not great, but is equivalent to other SUVs in this price range. The car is relatively smooth on bumpy roads. The CX5 is known for being a pleasure to drive- sporty for an SUV with great handling. The electronic multifunction interface is not great. it is a bit slow and sometimes requires multiple entries. I am not able to download my messages. Also, the screen should be bigger. Fuel economy was lower than advertised. Only 28.5 on the hightway at 70 mph. 2017-- So, living in Florida, I found that the car took a long time to cool off, due to the lack of air conditioning vents in the back. Also, I just got tired of the road roar, especially on the highway. I'm trading it in for the 2017, which has loads of improvements. Still sticking with the CX5 , which gave me no problems while I owned it.
Report abuse

Used 2016 Mazda CX-5 in Memphis, TN Values

Estimated values
2016 Mazda CX-5 Touring 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$10,488$13,749$16,081
Clean$9,978$13,047$15,221
Average$9,128$11,877$13,788
Rough$8,023$10,356$11,925

The average list price of a used 2016 Mazda CX-5 in Memphis, Tennessee is $17,088. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-5 2016 for sale in Memphis, Tennessee is 77,124. Based on the average mileage of 77,124 for used 2016 Mazda CX-5 for sale in Memphis, TN and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-5 2016 in Memphis, Tennessee to be $9,128.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.