Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
51 listings
  • $32,990
    fair price
    $484 below market
    • 40,014 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Buffalo (286 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Buffalo, NY / 286 miles away from Jackson, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W5FVXEU005776
    Stock: 2003828726
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • $29,100
    good price
    $2,628 below market
    • 56,336 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Auto Boutique Ohio (174 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 174 miles away from Jackson, MI

    *Disclaimer*PRICE LISTED DOES NOT INCLUDE TAX (TAX RATE VARIES DEPENDING ON STATE, CITY, & COUNTY), TITLE ($20), TEMP TAG ($20.50) MEMO-TITLE FOR REGI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV3FU019165
    Stock: Y1904A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

    • 50,731 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Auto Expo (435 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 435 miles away from Jackson, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV3EU007306
    Stock: 007306
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $37,981
    fair price
    $1,371 above market
    • 44,223 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • MemberCar (437 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Rockville, MD / 437 miles away from Jackson, MI

    MemberCar Proudly Presents This Rare 2015 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution Final Edition, a Clean CarFax, 1-Owner collectors car finished in bold Rally Red...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W7FVXFU028729
    Stock: 102272
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-31-2025

    • 29,350 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Motor Cars of Chicago (200 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Joliet, IL / 200 miles away from Jackson, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W7FVXFU028052
    Stock: 6940
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $37,990
    fair price
    $330 above market
    • 50,324 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Lucky Line Motors (455 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 455 miles away from Jackson, MI

    **** WE FINANCE ***** 2015 MITSUBISHI LANCER EVOLUTION FINAL EDITION CLEAN VEHICLE ONE OWNER CARFAX / VEHICLE LOADED WITH / BLUETOOTH AUDIO / PREMIUM ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W7FV9FU027913
    Stock: LLM12162
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 37,772 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Platinum Motors (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Heath, OH / 184 miles away from Jackson, MI

    BLUETOOTH, FULL DETAIL, FRESH OIL CHANGE, DEALER INSPECTED AND SERVICED, AWD, TURBO, Lancer Evolution, 4D Sedan, 2.0L I4 MIVEC DOHC Turbocharged/Inter...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W7FV6FU027335
    Stock: 15902
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 102,344 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Kargar Motors (436 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 436 miles away from Jackson, MI

    AFTERMARKET AIR INTAKE, EXHAUST, INTERCOOLER, AND MANY MORE LOOKS AND RUNS GREAT !BUYING A CAR HAS NEVER BEEN THIS EASY.We specialize in 100% GUARANTE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV8FU009456
    Stock: KMM14433
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,995
    good price
    $2,451 below market
    • 120,043 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Auto Mall of Springfield (321 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Springfield, IL / 321 miles away from Jackson, MI

    2014 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution GSR 2.0L Turbocharged AWD. Has manual transmission, premium alloy wheels, cd, am/fm radio, cruise control, and more.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV5EU005864
    Stock: 34500
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • $19,500
    good price
    $750 below market
    • 129,995 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Lulu Cars (190 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 190 miles away from Jackson, MI

    The front windshield is in excellent condition. The paint is in great shape and condition. Some dings are visible on this vehicle. The tires are sligh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W5FV7EU024544
    Stock: 024544
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • $25,991
    fair price
    $616 above market
    • 100,563 miles
    • 2 accidents, 6 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • i40 Auto (487 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 487 miles away from Jackson, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV8CU011672
    Stock: I011672
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

    • 88,721 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Exotic Motors (187 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Rolling Meadows, IL / 187 miles away from Jackson, MI

    Aptos_EmbeddedFontAptos_MSFontServiceCalibriHelveticasans-serif;font-optical-sizing:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;font-va...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV5EU014287
    Stock: 014287
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $36,888
    great price
    $5,362 below market
    • 18,630 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Prestige Auto Group (171 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tallmadge, OH / 171 miles away from Jackson, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W5FV5FU008229
    Stock: M6570TM
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-13-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,426
    good price
    $1,907 below market
    • 122,741 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • DealHunter Autos (450 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Stafford, VA / 450 miles away from Jackson, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV9BU028852
    Stock: DHA-028852
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $31,981
    good price
    $2,743 below market
    • 77,130 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • 111 Motorcars (459 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 459 miles away from Jackson, MI

    About This Vehicle Contact 111 Motorcars today for information on dozens of vehicles like this 2015 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution Final Edition. For sal...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W7FVXFU028245
    Stock: TFU028245
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-12-2025

    • 93,498 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • K City Motors (179 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Kenosha, WI / 179 miles away from Jackson, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV5FU024531
    Stock: 024531
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-15-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $24,995
    fair price
    $661 below market
    • 105,078 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Classics and Beyond Auto Gallery (51 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Wayne, MI / 51 miles away from Jackson, MI

    Please visit our website to view a full HD photoset of this vehicle

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV9FU021941
    Stock: 578
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • $21,785
    fair price
    $421 above market
    • 122,318 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Renn Kirby Mitsubishi (415 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Frederick, MD / 415 miles away from Jackson, MI

    Graphite Gray Pearl exterior and Black interior. CD Player, Bluetooth®, All Wheel Drive, Alloy Wheels, iPod/MP3 Input. KEY FEATURES INCLUDEAll Whee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV1BU030823
    Stock: U80501
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 51,011 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • HyperCars (284 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in New Albany, IN / 284 miles away from Jackson, MI

    Finished in Phantom Black, this 2015 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution GSR features factory Recaro sport seats, 6.1" touchscreen display with Bluetooth, HID...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV2FU020596
    Stock: HC-0596
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-28-2025

    • 87,963 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • HyperCars (284 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in New Albany, IN / 284 miles away from Jackson, MI

    Final Edition finished in white and equipped with a set of Enkei wheels, upgraded aftermarket headlights, duckbill rear spoiler, and an aftermarket ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W7FVXFU027693
    Stock: HC-27693
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

    • 107,478 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Broome County Auto Mall (430 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Johnson City, NY / 430 miles away from Jackson, MI

    Call (6**)7**-5***$25,9002015 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution Evo X 2.0-liter turbocharged AWDSuper All-Wheel Control(SAWC)5-speed manualBrembo brakesBils...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA32W8FV4FU016470
    Stock: 6470
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-07-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 51 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution

Read recent reviews for the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars48 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 48 reviews
  • 5 star
    (60%)
  • 4 star
    (35%)
  • 3 star
    (2%)
  • 2 star
    (2%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4.13 out of 5 stars

the world in your palm

bull12, 01/20/2011
2011 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution GSR 4dr Sedan AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 5M)
what an amazing honor to be the first to write a review on the 2011 gsr. OK enough with that nonsense, . So as i pull out of the dealership into heavy traffic, it then dawns on me that I'm in a super car, just before a screeching to a halt to avoid hitting the car there in front of I.Now just out of pure luck I finally make it to the highway(30 minutes later). Yes pedal to the metal and … as that twin scroll turbo unleashes all fury on that on that unmistakable 4B11, it throws me back in the seat to be overwhelmed with brain crushing torque, then I click to 4th gear, only to look down and see that I'm already splitting hairs at 120 MPH " oh dang this thang can move" then I have to pump fluid i
Report abuse

Used 2014 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution in Jackson, MI Values

Estimated values
2014 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution MR 4dr Sedan AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$18,915$23,660$26,659
Clean$18,072$22,496$25,227
Average$16,668$20,556$22,840
Rough$14,843$18,034$19,737

The average list price of a used 2014 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution in Jackson, Michigan is $30,048. The average mileage on a used Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution 2014 for sale in Jackson, Michigan is 77,917. Based on the average mileage of 77,917 for used 2014 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution for sale in Jackson, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution 2014 in Jackson, Michigan to be $16,668.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.